25. (a) A person attempts to commit an offence if, with an aim to commit it, he does any act which is not merely preparatory, but without the offence being completed.

26. With regard to an attempt, it is immaterial whether the commission of the offence is impossible owing to a state of things of which the person attempting is not aware or about which he is mistaken.

27. A provision which prescribes for an offence a mandatory penalty or which prescribes a minimum penalty shall not be applied in a case of attempt.

28. A person who attempts to commit an offence shall not bear criminal liability for the attempt if he proves that, solely of his own accord, and from repentance, he abstained from completing the act or contributed substantially to the prevention of the consequences on which the completion of the offence depended; however, the aforesaid shall not derogate from criminal liability for another, completed, offence involved in the act.
 

29. (a) "Author" as to the commission an offence includes every person who commits it jointly with others or indirectly through the intermediary of others.
(b) "Joint-authors" are person participating in the commission of an offence by doing acts for its commission. It is immaterial whether all the acts are done together or whether some are done by one person and some by the others.
(c) "Indirect-author" is a person who contributes to the doing of the act by another person, who serves as a tool in the first person's hands, while the other person was in a condition such as one of the following, as defined in this code:

(1) in a state of minority or mental incapacity;
(2) without voluntariness;
(3) without mens rea;
(4) without being aware of the true state of things; or
(5) under duress or with justification.

30. A person who prompts another to commit an offence by demanding its commission of him or by urging or encouraging him or by any other means that mount to imposing pressure, is an instigator of the offence.

31. An abetter is a person who, before or during the commission of an offence, does any act in order to enable, facilitate or ensure the commission or to prevent the apprehension of the offender, the discovery of the offence or its loot, or otherwise to contribute to the creation of conditions favourable to the commission of the offence.

32. The abettor of an offence shall be liable to half the penalty prescribed by an enactment to the commission of the offence; if the penalty so prescribed is -

(1) the death penalty or mandatory life imprisonment, the penalty shall be a term of imprisonment of twenty years;
(2) life imprisonment, the penalty shall be a term of imprisonment of ten years;
(3) a minimum penalty, the penalty shall be less than one half the minimum penalty;
(4) any other mandatory penalty, the penalty shall be the maximum penalty, the minimum penalty being one half thereof.

(1) the death penalty or mandatory life imprisonment, the penalty shall be a term of imprisonment of twenty years;
(2) life is imprisonment, the penalty shall be a term of imprisonment of ten years;
(3) a minimum penalty, the penalty shall be less than one half the minimum penalty;
(4) any other mandatory penalty, the penalty shall be the maximum penalty, the minimum penalty being one half thereof.

34A(a). Where incidentally to the commission of an offence, another or additional offence is committed by the author, which according to the circumstances of the case, a reasonable person could have been aware of the possibility of its commission:

(1) liability for it shall be borne also by the other authors; However, had the other or additional offence been committed with intent, the other authors shall bear liability for such as for an offence of indifference only;
(2) the instigator or the abettor shall bear criminal liability for it, as an offence of negligence, if there is such an offence with the same factual elements.

34B. A datum which is a condition of an offence shall apply to all parties involved in its commission, once it exists with regard to one party; however a personal datum the effect of which, by virtue of any enactment, is to aggravate, reduce or otherwise alter the punishment or to prevent punishment shall have such effect in relation only to such party in respect of whom it exists.
 

34C. Any attempt at, and any instigation, attempted instigation or abetment of, an offence being a contravention are not punishable.

34D. Save as otherwise provided or implied in any enactment, any law applying to the commission of a completed offence shall apply also to any attempt at, and to any instigation, attempted instigation or abetment of, that offence.