Some Mediterranean Place Names

It's a good idea to learn these names.

At the centre ("in the middle of the world")
The Mediterranean Sea

Continents
Europe
Asia
Africa

Major peninsulas
Iberian peninsula (=modern Spain)
Italy
Balkan peninsula
Asia Minor (also called Anatolia)
North Africa

Seas within the Mediterranean
Adriatic (between Italy and the Balkan peninsula)
Ionian sea (south of the Adriatic, in the middle of the Mediterranean)
Aegean (=Archipelago) (between Greece and Asia Minor)
Tyrrhenian Sea (also called the Etruscan Sea) (west of Italy)
Mediterranean channel (approaching the Gibraltar Strait)
The sea between Sicily and North Africa (doesn't have a specific name)

Nearby seas
Marmara (between the Aegean and the Black)
Black Sea
Red Sea (between Egypt and Arabia)

Mountain ranges
Alps (north of the Italian peninsula, in what is now northern Italy, western Austria, Switzerland, southeastern France)
Pyrenees (between Spain and France)
Apennines (the spine of Italy)
Dinaric Alps (down the west coast of the Balkan peninsula, in former Yugoslavia and Albania)
Caucasus (between the Black and Caspian Seas)
Anatolian mountains (in Asia Minor)
Mountains of Lebanon
Atlas Mountains (northwest Africa)
Spanish Cordillera

Gaps in mountains
Straits of Gibraltar (connects the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean)
Naurouze Gap (east of Pyrenees)
Rhône Valley corridor (north-south, emptying into Mediterranean west of Marseille)
The sea route from the Aegean to the Black Sea
Sahara plateau

Islands
Sardinia
Corsica
Sicily
Cyprus
Crete
Rhodes

Deserts
Sahara
Arabian (Great Sandy Desert or Rub‘ al Khali)
Note: the term "Arabian Desert" sometimes means the "Eastern Desert" between the Nile and the Red Sea, in distinction from the "Libyan Desert" or "Western Desert" west of the Nile.
Syrian

Straits
Messina
Bosporus
Gibraltar

Other geographical terms
The term "Middle East" was coined in 1902. Its reference is inexact, but means roughly the area from Egypt to Turkey, including the Arabian Peninsula and Turkey.

The "Western Roman Empire" and the "Eastern Roman Empire" are divided by an imaginary north-south line drawn roughly through Split (now in Croatia).

A few Roman provinces
Proceeding counter-clockwise from North Africa to Spain.
Headings in marroon are the names of dioceses, under which provinces were grouped by the Emperor Diocletian. Africa
Mauretania
Numidia
Africa
Egypt
Libya
Egypt
Oriens (roughly what is now sometimes called the Levant, or Lebanon/Syria/Israel)
Palestine
Syria
Asiana (southern Anatolia)
Pampylia
Hellespontus
Pontica (northern Anatolia)
Bithynia
Armenia
Thracia (=modern northern Greece and Bulgaria)
Macedonia (=modern southern Greece)
Suburbica (=islands neighbouring Italy)
Italia
Gallia (=Gaul, or much of modern France)
Septe
Aquitanica (=Aquitaine, in southwestern France)
Hispania

Cities
(for the following sites, see page 14 in the Gonzalez text)
Carthage, Alexandria, Jerusalem, Caesarea (in Palestine), Pella, Damascus, Antioch, Ephesus, Sinope, Neo-caesaera (in Cappadocia), Athens, Rome, Vienne, Lyons
(for the following sites, see page 114 in the Gonzalez text)
Chrysopolis, Constantinople, Adrianople, Sirmium, Milan, Trier, York