Urothelial
Carcinoma In Situ (CIS)
Epidemiology:
Common sites:
Gross features:
- area
of mucosal reddening, granularity, or thickening
- commonly
multifocal
- often
found along with other patterns of transitional cell carcinoma
Histologic features:
- flat
urothelium
- lack
of cohesiveness
- may
result in denuded urothelium with only a few CIS cells attached to
basement membrane
- cytologically
malignant cells present
- may
range from scattered malignant cells (pagetoid spread) to full-thickness
atypia
Immunophenotype:
Marker:
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Sensitivity:
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Specificity:
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Molecular features:
- see
papillary urothelial carcinoma
- deletions
of 14q are seen exclusively in (flat) CIS
Other features:
- high-grade
by definition
- invasion
results in high-grade urothelial carcinoma
- CIS
has worse prognosis than low-grade papillary urothelial
carcinoma