HSV-1
Encephalitis
Epidemiology:
- The most common
cause of nonepidemic encephalitis
- Any age group
- Most common in
children and young adults
Common sites:
- Inferior and
medial temporal lobes
- Frontal lobes
Gross features:
Histologic features:
- perivascular inflammatory infiltrates
- predominantly
lymphocytes mixed with macrophages
- necrosis
- hemorrhage
- Cowdry type A intranuclear
viral inclusion bodies
- Neurons and glia
- Large, pink to
purple, glassy intranuclear inclusions
- Dark chromatin
is pushed to the periphery of the nucleus
- Nuclear and cell
size increase only slightly
Immunophenotype:
Marker:
|
Sensitivity:
|
Specificity:
|
|
|
|
Molecular features:
- PCR virus detection in CSF
Other features:
- CSF culture
- serology
- May be acute or subacute (4-6 weeks) presentation of changes in mood,
memory, behaviour, weakness, lethargy, ataxia,
seizures
References:
- Robbins 2005
- Sternberg 2004