Mitral Annular Calcification
Epidemiology and Etiology:
- Women over age 60
- Other risk
factors:
- Individuals with
myxomatous mitral
valve
- Elevated left
ventricular pressure
Common sites:
Gross features:
- calcific deposits in the fibrous ring
(annulus) of the mitral valve on inflow surface
of leaflets
- irregular, stony
hard
- occasionally
ulcerated
- calcium deposits
rarely may penetrate into myocardium
- thrombus formation
Histologic features:
Immunophenotype:
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Marker:
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Sensitivity:
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Specificity:
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Molecular features:
Other features:
- may cause
insufficiency or stenosis
- rarely may cause
arrhythmias or sudden death
- thromboembolism can cause stroke
- calcific nodules can provide a nidus for infective endocarditis
References: