Low-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion (LSIL)

Epidemiology:

Common sites:

Gross features:

Cytologic features:

• nuclear changes:
• nuclear enlargement > 3 times the area of a normal intermediate nucleus
• slightly increased N:C ratio
• variable degrees of nuclear hyperchromasia
• variations in nuclear size, number, and shape
• binucleation and multinucleation are common
• chromatin uniformaly distributed
• coarsely granular, or smudged, or densely opaque
• nucleoli inconspicuous or absent
• nuclear membranes often slightly irregular
• cytoplasmic changes (not required for diagnosis):
• perinuclear cavitation (“koilocytosis”) WITH nuclear abnormalities
• sharply delineated clear perinuclear zone
• peripheral rim of densely stained cytoplasm
• alternatively, cytoplasm may be dense and orangeophilic WITH nuclear abnormalities (“atypical parakeratosis”)
• distinct cytoplasmic borders
• changes usually confined to cells with superficial-type (“mature”) cytoplasm
• overall large cell size
• fairly abundant “mature” well-defined cytoplasm

Immunophenotype:

Marker:

Sensitivity:

Specificity:

Molecular features:

Other features: