Radiation Changes

Cytologic features:

• Cell size markedly increased without a substantial increase in n:c ratio
• Degenerative nuclear changes
• Nuclear pallor
• Wrinkling of chromatin
• Smudging of chromatin
• Nuclear vacuolation
• Other nuclear features:
• Binucleation or multinucleation is common
• Enlarged nuclei
• Variation in size of nuclei
• Mild nuclear hyperchromasia may be present
• Prominent single or multiple nuclei may be seen
• Cytoplasmic features:
• Bizarre cell shapes may occur
• *Cytoplasmic vacuolation*
• Cytoplasmic polychromatic staining
• Ballooning