Balanitis Xerotica Obliterans (BXO)

Epidemiology and Etiology:

· Similar to vulvar lichen sclerosus et atrophicus

· Unknown etiology

· Any age (20s to 40s usually)

Common sites:

·

Gross features:

· Phimosis often

· Meatal stenosis in progressive lesions

· Gray-white

· Irregular atrophic area

Histologic features:

· Hyperkeratosis usually

· Atrophy and loss of rete ridges

· Early:

· Edema and chronic inflammation

· Older lesions:

· Band-like dense eosinophilic fibrosis

Immunophenotype:

Marker:

Sensitivity:

Specificity:

Molecular features:

·

Other features:

· Risk factor for carcinoma (suggested)

References:

· Silverberg SG, DeLellis RA, Frable WJ, LiVolsi VA, Wick MR. Silverberg's Principles and Practice of Surgical Pathology and Cytopathology: 2-Volume Set. 4th ed. Churchill Livingstone; 2005.