Radiation Effects

Epidemiology:

Common sites:

Gross features:

Histologic features:

• changes in benign glands:
• scattered markedly atypical nuclei among benign-appearing nuclei
• degenerative, hyperchromatic, smudgy appearance
• no prominent nucleoli
• slightly spindled appearance
• resembles transitional cell metaplasia
• multilayered cells
• atrophic cytoplasm
• maintain benign architecture
• changes in malignant glands:
• may show no changes (report as without treatment effect)
• abundant vacuolated cytoplasm
• pyknotic nuclei without apparent nucleoli
• maintain malignant architecture

Immunophenotype:

Marker:

Sensitivity:

Specificity:

Molecular features:

Other features:

References: