Cryptorchidism
Epidemiology and Etiology:
- After 1 year of age by definition
Common sites:
- High in the scrotum
- Inguinal canal
- Intra-abdominal
Gross features:
- Smaller than normal (after puberty)
-
Histologic features:
- Progressive loss of germ cells with age
- Decreased sie of
seminiferous tubules
- Increased thickness of tubular tunica propria
- Sertoli
cell nodules (hyperplastic foci / tubular adenoma of Pick) often
- Foci of tubules containing immature Sertoli cells and laminated calcific deposits
- Mass formation rarely
- Germ cell neoplasia risk
- Intratubular germ cell neoplasia (IGCN)
- Invasive germ cell tumours
- Seminoma
- Embryonal coarcinoma
- Embryonal carcinoma / teratoma
Immunophenotype:
|
Marker:
|
Sensitivity:
|
Specificity:
|
|
PLAP
(ITGCN)
|
|
< 1 year of
age normal staining?
|
|
CD117 (ITGCN)
|
|
< 1 year of
age normal staining?
|
Molecular features:
Other features:
References: