Detailed Chronology for the Neolithic of the Near East


Period
Approximate Dates in years BP
Culture
Early Neolithic
(aka Pre-Pottery Neolithic)




PPNA
ca. 10 200-9200 BP
Khiamian
Sultanian
Early PPNB
ca. 9500-9200 BP

Middle PPNB
ca. 9200-8500 BP
Tahunian
Late PPNB
ca. 8500-8000 BP (ends a little earlier in north
as Proto-Hassunan starts ca. 8200 BP)
Proto-Neolithic (uncommon term for
Proto-Hassunan in Zagros)
PPNC (sometimes called Final PPNB)
ca. 8000-7600 BP (only in southern Levant)

Late Neolithic
(aka Pottery Neolithic)


Late Neolithic (Levant)
ca. 8000-6000 BP
Byblos
   neolithique ancien (ca. 7600-7100 BP)
   neolithique moyen (ca. 7100-6800 BP)
   neolithique recent (ca. 6800-6200 BP)
Yarmoukian (ca. 7500-7000 BP)
Jericho IX (aka Lodian) (ca. 7400-
6800? BP)
Wadi Rabah (ca. 6800-6200 BP)
Other Variants
Pottery Neolithic (Anatolia)
ca. 8500 (?)-6000 BP

Pottery Neolithic (Zagros)
ca. 8500 (?)-6000 BP

Proto-Hassuna or Sotto (Mesopotamia)
ca. 8200-7900 BP (note its earlier than in
southern Levant)
Proto-Hassunan or Sottoan


Hassunan (Mesopotamia)
ca. 7900-7200 BP Hassunan
Samarra (Mesopotamia)
ca. 7500-6500 BP Samarran
Halaf (Mesopostamia)
ca. 7200-6200 BP or 6000-5000 cal BC Halafian
Chalcolithic
Middle Chalcolithic (if you are of those
who believe that some Late Neolithic
cultures are really Early Chalcolithic)
ca. 6200-5600 BP

Ghassulian (southern Levant)
ca. 5600-4600 BP


Some Major Regions of the Near East

You should be able to locate these regions on a map of the Near East (see below):
Southern Levant (Israel, Palestine, and Jordan, see handout from beginning of term)
Coastal Plain
Jordan Valley
Negev and Sinai
Galilee
Eastern Desert
Transjordanian Highlands
Northern Levant (Lebanon and Syria, see handout from beginning of term)
Anti-Lebanon Mountains
Damascus Basin
Taurus Mountains
Zagros Mountains
Euphrates River Basin
Tigris River
Mesopotamia
Jazireh Plains (triangular area in between Tigris and Euphrates)
Map of Near East

Terms and Concepts
Here are some terms and concepts you should be familiar with for the mid-term:
Domestication Agriculture
Khiam Point
Hagdud Truncation
Naviform Core
Jericho Point
Byblos Point
Amuq Point
Pyrotechnology
Plastered Skulls
Textiles
Horn Cores
Megaron/Pier House
Differentation of Space
Sedentism
Sacred Space
Domestic Space
Consequences of Sedentism
Zoonosis
Dietary Changes with Agriculture
Exchange
Early Neolithic Storage Facilities
Competitive Feasting
Oasis Theory
Changes Accompanying Plant Domestication
Hilly Flanks
Changes Accompanying Animal Domestication
Pastoralism
Secondary Products Revolution
Population Pressure
Demography
Cereals and Pulses
Obsidian
Corridor House
Cell-Plan House
Tripartite House
Clay Figurines
Plaster Statues
Evolutionary Theory
Origins of Pottery
Pottery Technology
Tholos
T-House
Broad-Room House
Expendient Lithic Tools
Denticulated Sickle Blades
Village
Household
House
Pebble Figurines
Coffee-Bean Eye Figurines
Burnished Pottery

What Else to Study???

You should be familiar with...
  • The major cultures/phases/industries of the Neolithic, including knowing the chronology (i.e., when these cultures began and ended, see top of page and your notes) and the type site for each culture.
  • For each of these you should know:
    • major sites (ones discussed in class only)
    • major features
      • site locations/settlement patterns
      • site structure
      • residential and non-residential characteristics
      • burial and mortuary practices
      • lithic and pottery technologies
      • economy
      • symbolic/ritual/artistic features
    • your should also be able to talk about
      • theories regarding the origins of agriculture
      • consequences of agriculture
      • consequences of sedentism
      • origins of pottery

OK, so know that I have decided what to study, how much detail should I know???

Remember, I do not expect you to memorize everything we have covered. For example, you do not need to remember exactly what burials were found at exactly what particular sites for every Neolithic phase that we discussed, but you should be able to talk about the practice of skull removal in the PPNB with reference to a few sites (because we talked about it in detail) and how it differs from burial practices in the PPNC and Late Neolithic.