RGB1005HS -- INTRODUCTION TO THE OLD
TESTAMENT
-- M. Kolarcik – January, 2011
Thursdays 7-9pm
This introductory course explores the thematic
unity of the
Old Testament under the heading of Covenantal Theology. Significant
covenantal
moments are studied in their historical manifestations, cultic
realizations,
and literary expressions (Abram, Sinai, David/Zion, Prophetic, Exile,
Deuteronomic, Priestly-Noah/Abraham, Wisdom, New Testamental Period).
Literary and
rhetorical analysis, historical and
textual criticism are employed as means of exploring the biblical
texts. Lectures,
readings, six study papers, group collaboration in defining two sets
of some fifty
technical terms..
Textbook: COLLINS, John J. Introduction to the Hebrew
Bible (with CDRom).
Minneapolis: Fortress, 2004. (Ordered at Crux Book Store, Wycliffe College).
Recommended texts :
ANDERSON, Bernard W., Steven BISHOP, Judith H.
NEWMAN. Understanding the Old
Testament. 5th edition. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice
Hall: 2007
CAMPBELL, Antony, F., Mark A. O’BRIEN. Rethinking
the Pentateuch, Prolegomena to the Theology of Ancient Israel. Louisville,
KE: Westminster John
Knox, 2005.
HAHN, Scott W. Kinship by
Covenant: A Canonical Approach to the Fulfillment of God's Saving
Promises. The Anchor Yale Bible Reference Library. New Haven:
Yale University, 2009.
LEVENSON, Jon. Sinai
and Zion: an
Entry into the Jewish Bible. San
Fransisco: Harper
& Row, 1987.
ANDERSON, Bernhard
W. Contours of Old Testament Theology. Minneapolis:
Fortress, 1999.
BRIGHT, John. A History of Israel. 4th edition. Philadelphia: Westminster, 2001.
Two general
introductions which
I regularly use are:
BOADT, Lawrence. Reading the Old Testament,
an
Introduction. New
York: Paulist, 1984.
CERESKO, Anthony. An Introduction to the Old Testament, A
Liberation Perspective. Updated and Revised. First edition, 1992. New York:
Orbis,
Maryknoll, 2001.
For reading assignments and tasks
for each lecture go to the Materials file under Content, if you are
logged in through the portal,or from the webpage to
Lecture
Materials
For Guidance on Writing Style and specifically for referencing your
work
follow
Turabian (The University of
Toronto Writing Manual)
Questions for study based on lecture material (in alphabetical
characters) and
on reading assignments (in numerical characters).
Answer one question in three
pages,
double-spaced, timesroman12 point.
First Assignment Due January 27th
a) Explain
briefly the
narrative arch of call/covenant/test for the Abrahamic covenant in Gen
12,15, 22.
b) What unique perspectives on covenant theology are presented
in the
narrative of Genesis 15?
c) The story of the call for Abraham to sacrifice Isaac has
been
understood as the climax of the entire Abrahamic cycle. What
explanation would
you offer for this high regard the story has had in the history of
interpretation?
1) Explain briefly the documentary hypothesis that accounts
for the
divergent materials in the pentateuchal narratives (Ceresko, pp. 52-60;
Collins, pp. 47-65).
2) To what extent do the ancestral narratives in Genesis
portray ancient
materials as well as betray signs of retrojection? (Bright, pp. 67-103)
3) To what extent must the
religion of the
ancestors be differentiated from that of the official polytheisms of Mesopotamia?
(Ceresko, pp
27-37; Collins, pp. 25-46)
Second Assignment Due
February 10th
d) How does
the narration of
the birth of Moses prefigure Israel as
a nation (Exodus 2)?
e) How does the story of the theophany from the burning bush
represent a
radical change in the life of Moses?
f) The exodus narrative that reveals God's plan to liberate
the
Israelites from Egypt is met by resistance in Moses, the people and in the
Pharaoh. What
significance does the resistance have for the narrative in each case?
g) Explain the complexity and possible solutions in the notion
that God
is presented as "hardening the heart" of the Pharaoh in the plague
narrative (Exodus 7--11).
h) What are the unique features of the Sinai covenant? How
would you
differentiate it from the Abrahamic covenant?
i) Explain the major differences between the Sinai covenant
and the
Vassal-Treaty form.
j) What are the important images and ideas in the Sinai
covenant
according to the Elohist and the Yahwist traditions?
4) What are the arguments used to support the dating of the
Exodus in
the 15th and the 13th centuries? (Ceresko, pp. 72-79; Bright, pp.
120-133; )
Third Assignment Due
March 3rd
k) In Joshua
2, the spies
who are sent to search out the land find a haven in Rahab's house, a
prostitute. What purpose lies behind the narrator's presentation of
this spy
story that says little about the actual spying and a great deal about
the
family of the prostitute?
l) In Joshua 23-24, we have the leader, Joshua, before his
death,
calling for the people to renew their covenant with God. What
explanation would
you offer for the absence of any reference to the Sinai covenant?
m) The Book of Judges presents us continuously with a pattern
of Israel
sinning, crying to God, and being delivered. Using Judges 10:6--11:12
as an example, explain the pattern.
5) What are the arguments used to sustain the theories of Israel's
conquest, gradual infiltration, and uprising of Canaan? (Ceresko,
pp. 89-112;
Collins, pp. 183-202; ABD 3: 545-558)
6) How would you characterize the
Israelite
religion with the socio-religious terms of monotheism, henotheism and
polytheism? (Bright, pp. 144-162)
n) In 1 Samuel 8--12, which narrates Israel's request for a
king to
Samuel, there are two positions, one positive and the other negative,
toward
the establishment of a monarchy. What are some profound theological
implications behind this rather simple request of Israel
"to be like the other nations" and have a monarchy.
o) David succeeded in establishing the monarchy where Saul had
failed.
What are some of the reasons the biblical writers offer for Saul's
failure on
the one hand and David's success on the other?
p) Describe the progression of David's rise to power through
his personal
relationship to Jonathan in the four episodes of 1 Sam 18:1-5; 19:1-7;
20:1-42; 23:15-18.
q) How does the Davidic covenant, which is conveyed through
Nathan's
oracle and David’s Prayer in 2 Sam 7, represent a cultural shift for
the
Israelites?
The purpose of this exercise of discussing the
terms listed
below is for each student to become familiar with basic terminology we
come
across in reading books and articles on the Old Testament. Below is the
first
set of terms
to
be defined from your reading of J.J.
Collins, A. Ceresko, J. Bright, L. Boadt, and from the lectures:
Provide a one
sentence definition for each term. Work in groups of three or four;
divide up
these words and terms; and have a meeting where you discuss each term.
As a
group, send your file of defined terms to me by email March
10th. Follow the same procedure for the second set
of terms for April 6th (see below).
Akhenaton --
allegory --
Amarna Letters --
amphictyony --
analogy --
ANET --
anthropomorphic --
Apiru (Hapiru) --
apodictic law --
berit --
case law (casuistic law) --
chiastic structure --
Code of (Laws of) Hammurabi --
concentric structure --
Covenant Code (Book of the Covenant) --
decalogue --
Deuteronomist (D) --
doublet (literary) --
Elohist (E) --
epic --
eponymous writing --
genealogy --
Hittite --
Hyksos --
juxtaposition --
legend --
LXX --
metaphor --
Midianite --
myth --
parity treaty --
Patriarchal Stories --
pentateuch --
Philistines --
Priestly Writer (P) --
redaction --
saga --
Sea Peoples --
Septuagint --
symbol --
Talmud --
Babylonian Talmud --
Palestinian Talmud --
Tel --
theophany --
Torah --
treaty formulary --
Tribal League --
vassal treaty --
Yahwist (J) --
YHWH --
Fourth Assignment Due
March 17th
r) How would
you
characterize the essential aspects of literary prophecy (the writing
prophets)
in Israel? Use the vocational experiences of Isaiah, Jeremiah and
Ezekiel as
examples (Isa 6, Jer 1; Ezek 1-3). (Ceresko 165-188, as well as
lectures)
7) How do the three major prophets, Isaiah, Jeremiah and
Ezekiel, use
the past Mosaic and Davidic covenant expressions to express hope? (Ceresko 189-214, 221-231, Collins 307-378 and lectures)
8) Why was the Babylonian exile a serious threat to the faith
of Israel?
(Ceresko 217-222,
Boadt 383-386, Collins 331-377).
9) Explain the historical ramifications and events that led to
the
Babylonian exile. (Bright, chs. 8-9, pp. 310-372, 4th
ed.)
Fifth Assignment Due
March 31st
10) How is the
book of
Deuteronomy the most complete example of a treaty-formulary in the
Bible?
(Ceresko, 113- 124; Collins, 150-179).
s) Explain the concentric structure of Deut 8. How does this single
chapter
represent the Deuteronomist's strategy to elicit a commitment on the
part of
the Israelites? (lectures)
t) The sin of Kadesh Barnea which Moses
recalls to the people before they are to cross over the Jordan river (Deut 1),
reveals the level of conversion necessary for living faithfully in the
Promised Land. Does this Deuteronomonic understanding of sin and
conversion throw any new
light on God hardening Pharaoh's heart in Exodus, on God forgiving
David but not Saul in the books of Samuel, and God telling Isaiah to
make the heart
of the people dull lest they turn and be healed (Isa 6)? (lectures)
Second set of definition of terms to be
submitted April 7th
Second set of terms to be defined from your
reading of J.J.
Collins, A.
Ceresko, J. Bright, L.Boadt, and from the lectures: From within your
group, provide
a one sentence definition for each term. Definitions to be sent by
email to me (mf.kolarcik@utoronto.ca)
on Monday, April 6th.
Amorites --
apocalyptic --
apocrypha --
Aramean --
ark (of the covenant) --
Canaanites --
cosmology --
Dead Sea (Qumran) Scrolls --
Deutero-Isaiah --
deuterocanonical --
diaspora --
didactic --
divination --
Ebla --
Edomites --
Enuma Elish --
etiological stories --
Exile --
Gilgamesh Epic --
henotheism --
hexateuch --
Hittite Grant --
Jamnia --
Levites --
Mari --
Masoretes, Masoretic Text (MT) --
Melchizedek --
Merneptah Stele --
messianic --
Mishnah --
Moabites --
monotheism --
parenetic (paraenetic)--
Phoenicians --
polytheism --
prophet --
Pseudepigrapha --
rîb --
sapiential (wisdom) writing --
Tanak --
Targum --
tent of meeting (tabernacle) --
tetragrammaton --
tetrateuch --
the Priestly Code --
the Holiness Code (H) --
theodicy --
Trito-Isaiah --
typology --
Ugarit --
Vulgate --
Zadok –
Sixth Assignment Due April 14th (Thursday of Exam week)
u) What are some possible motives as to why
Writers would add
another story of creation (Genesis 1) to that of the
Yahwist account (Genesis 2:4—3:24)?
11 How is the opening account of creation
(Genesis 1) to be
understood as critiquing the Babylonian myth of creation, the Enuma
Elish?
(Ceresko 244-253, Boadt, 114-117, Collins 67-77)
12) How would you account for the relative
absence of the
covenant image in Wisdom Writings? What theological concern becomes the
backdrop for sapiential thought? (Ceresko, 273-282; Collins 487-495,
505-508 lectures)
v) Compare and contrast the Deuteronomistic and
Priestly
approaches to the crisis of faith occasioned by the Babylonian exile.
How does
each tradition appeal to covenant images to respond to the crisis of
faith?
(Mostly lectures)
w) Explain the Priestly emphases in covenant
theology
through their re-working of the Yahwist story of Noah (Genesis 9) and
their
reformulation (Genesis 17) of the Yahwistic account of the covenant
with
Abraham. (lectures)
x) Using the Joseph narrative (Gen 37—50) or the story of Jonah,
explain
the main features and concerns of Wisdom Literature.
y) Explain the uniqueness of the
personification of wisdom
evidenced in Prov 8, Sir 24, Wis 9.
z) What is New in the New Covenant of Christ?
How is the relationship between the Covenant of Sinai and the New
Covenant of Christ conceived and explained in Romans and in the Letter
to the Hebrews?
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1) INTRODUCTORY BACKGROUND MATERIAL
ADAM, A.K.M. ed. Postmodern Interpretations of the Bible: A Reader.
St. Louis, Missouri: Chalice,
2001.
ADAM, A.K.M. ed Handbook of Postmodern
Biblical
Interpretation. St.
Louis, Missouri:
Chalice, 2000.
ALTER, R. and F. KERMADE, eds. The
Literary Guide
to the Bible, Cambridge, Massachusetts: Belknap Press of Harvard University
Press, 1987. (Reference Shelf BS 535 L54)
BACH, A. ed. Women in the Hebrew Bible: A Reader. New York:
Routledge, 1999.
BARR, J. The Concept of Biblical Theology: An Old Testament
Perspective. Minneapolis: Fortress, 1999.
BRUEGGEMANN, W. Theology of the Old Testament: Testimony, Dispute,
Advocacy. Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 1997.
CHILDS, B.S. Biblical Theology of the Old and New Testaments. Minneapolis:
Fortress, 1993.
CHILDS, B.S. Introduction to the Old
Testament as
Scripture. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1979.
EISSFELDT, O. The Old Testament: An Introduction. Translated
by Peter R. Ackroyd. London:
Blackwell,1974.
FRYE, N. The Great Code: the Bible and
Literature. Toronto: Academic, 1982.
GOTTWALD, N.K. The Hebrew Bible: A
Social-Literary Introduction. Philadelphia :
Fortress Press,
1985.
GOTTWALD, N.K. The Tribes of Yahweh.
Maryknoll, N.Y. :
Orbis Books,
1979.
KIM, Wonil and others, eds., Reading the Hebrew Bible for a New
Millennium:
Form, Concept, and Theological Perspective, Studies in
Antiquity & Christianity. Vol 1: Theological and
Hermeneutical Studies, Vol 2: Exegetical and Theological Studies, Harrisburg, PA: Trinity Press
Internation, 2000.
LOHFINK, N. Theology of the Pentateuch: Themes of the Priestly
Narrative and
Deuteronomy. Translated L.M. Maloney, Minneapolis: Fortress, 1994.
PILCH, J. Introducing the Cultural
Context of the Old Testament. Vol. 1. New York:
Paulist,
1991.
PRITCHARD, J.B. Ancient Near Eastern
Texts Relating
to the Old Testament. ANET 3rd edition with
supplement. Princeton: Princeton University, 1963. (Reference)
von RAD, G. Old
Testament Theology. Vol. I, II. Translated D.M.G. London: Stalker, 1975.
RENDTORFF, R. The Old Testament: An Introduction. Philadelphia, Fortress,
1986.
RICOEUR, P. "Philosophy and Religious Language.” JR 54 (1974)
71-85.
RICOEUR, P. "Philosophical Hermeneutics and Theological Hermeneutics.” Studies in Religion/Sciences Religieuses
5 (1975) 14-33.
RICOEUR, P. "Creativity in Language.” Philosophy Today 17
(1973) 97-111.
RICOEUR, P. "Biblical Hermeneutics.” Semeia 4 (1975) 29-145.
2) GENERAL INTRODUCTIONS TO "COVENANT"
AZELLES, H. "Covenant.” [Sacramentum Mundi,
New York: 1975].
HILLERS, D.R. Covenant: The History of a Biblical Idea.
Baltimore: 1969.
McCARTHY, D.J. Old Testament Covenant: A Survey of Current Opinions.
Oxford: Blackwell,
1972.
McKENZIE, J.L. "Aspects of Old Testment Thought.” [The New Jerome
Biblical Commentary. eds., BROWN, FITZMYER,
MURPHY, Prentice
Hall, New Jersey: 1990,
1284-1315].
MENDENHALL, G.E. "Covenant.” [IDB. (Interpreter's Dictionary of the Bible) vol. 1].
MENDENHALL, G.E and G.A. HERION.
"Covenant.” The Anchor Bible Dictionary, I 1179-1202.
WEINFELD, M. "berith.” TDOT
(Theological Dictionary of the Old Testament) Volume 2. Grand Rapids, MI:
William B.
Eerdmans, 1977.
3) GENERAL BIBLIOGRAPHY ON THE COVENANT
ADEYEMI, F. The New
Covenant Torah in
Jeremiah and the Law of Christ in Paul. New York:
Peter
Lang, 2006
BALTZER, K. The
Covenant Formulary in the Old Testament. Translated
D.E.
Green. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1971.
BRIGHT, J. Covenant and Promise: the prophetic understanding
of the
future in pre-exilic Israel. Philadelphia: Westminster Press, 1976.
BRUEGGEMANN, W. The Land: Place as Gift, Promise, and Challenge in
the
Biblical Faith. New
York: Fortress,1977.
BRUEGGEMANN, W. David's Truth in Israel's Imagination and Memory. New York: Fortress,
1985. |bs 580 d3 b78
CLEMENTS, R.E. Prophecy and Covenant. SBT 43, London:
SCM Press, 1965.
CLEMENTS, R.E. Abraham and David, Genesis 15
and its
Meaning for Israelite Tradition. SBT 2:5, London: SCM Press, 1967.
CLEMENTS, R.E. God's Chosen People: A Theological Interpretation of the Book of
Deuteronomy. London: SCM Press,
1968.
CLIFFORD, R. Deuteronomy, with Excursus on Covenant and Law.
Old Testament Message 5. Wilmington:
Michael Glazier, 1982.
CRENSHAW, J.L. Story and Faith, a Guide to
the Old
Testament. New
York: Macmillan,
1986.
CROSS, F.M. Canaanite Myth and Hebrew Epic.
Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University, 1973. (See especially "The
Ideologies of
Kingship in the Era of the Empire: Conditional Covenant and Eternal
Decree.”
219-273).
Dumbrell, William J. Covenant
and Creation : a theology of Old Testament
covenants. Nashville :
T. Nelson, 1984.
GUTHRIE, H. Israel's Sacred Songs: a study of dominant themes. New York:
Seabury, 1966.
HAHN, Scott W. Kinship by Covenant:
A Canonical Approach to the Fulfillment of God's Saving Promises.
The Anchor Yale Bible Reference Library. New Haven: Yale University,
2009.
KALLUVEETTIL, P. Declaration and Covenant, A Comprehensive Review of Covenant
Formulae from the Old Testament and
the Ancient Near East. Analecta Biblica 88. Rome: Pontifical Biblical
Institute, 1982.
McCARTHY, D.J. Treaty and Covenant:
A Study in Form in the Ancient Oriental
Documents and in the Old Testament. Analecta
Biblica 21a. Rome: Pontifical Biblical Institute, 1978.
McCARTHY, D.J. Institution and Narrative: Collected Essays. Analecta Biblica 108. Rome:
Pontifical
Biblical Institute, 1985.
McCOMISKEY, T.E. The Covenants of Promise: a theology of Old
Testament
Covenants. Grand
Rapids: Baker Book House, 1985.
McEVENUE, S.E. The Narrative Style of the
Priestly Writers. Analecta Biblica
50, Rome:
Pontifical
Biblical Institute, 1971.
MENDENHALL, G.E. Law and Covenant in Israel and the Ancient Near East. Pittsburg: Presbyterian Board of
Colportage of Western Pennsylvania, 1955.
MENDENHALL, G.E. The Tenth Generation; the
origins of the
biblical tradition. Baltimore:
John Hopkins University, 1973.
NEWMAN, Murray Lee. The
People of
the Covenant. New York:
Abingdon, 1962.
NICHOLSON, Ernest W. God and his people :
covenant
and theology in the Old Testament. Oxford:
Clarendon; New York : Oxford University,
1986.
NICHOLSON, Ernest W. Exodus and Sinai in History and Tradition.
Oxford: Clarendon, 1973.
ORLINSKI, H.M. The So-Called
"Servant
of the Lord" and Suffering Servant in 2nd Isaiah. VTSup
14 (1967). [Note the appendix, "A Light of Nations, A Covenant
People,” 97-119].
Person, Raymond F. The
Deuteronomic School :
history, social setting, and literature. Atlanta, GA :
Society of
Biblical Literature, 2002.
PLASTARAS, J. Creation and Covenant.
Milwaukee: Bruce, 1968.
POLZIN, R. Moses and the Deuteronomist.
New York:
Seabury, 1980.
SCHMIDT, W.H. The
Faith of the Old Testament. London: Basil
Blackwell, 1983.
W. VOGELS, La
Promesse Royale de Yahweh Préparatoire à L'Alliance.
Ottawa: Editions
de l'Université
Saint-Paul, 1970.
M. WEINFELD, Deuteronomy and the
Deuteronomic School, Oxford: Clarendon, 1972.
WHYBRAY, R.N. The Succession Narrative: A Study of 2 Samuel 9-29, 1
Kings 1
and 2. London: SCM
Press, 1968.
WRIGHT, C.J.H. God's People in God's Land, Family, Land and
Property in the
Old Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1990.
4) ARTICLES ON COVENANT
BRUEGGEMANN, W. "Amos
4:4-13 and Israel's Covenant Worship.” VT 15 (1965).
BUSS, M.J. "Covenant, Theme in Historical
Perspective.” VT 16 (1966).
CAMBELL, A.I. "An Historical Prologue in a Seventh Century Treaty.” Bib
50 (1969).
EICHRODT, W. "Covenant and Law.” Interpretation 20 (1966).
FENSHAM, F.C. "Father and Son Terminology for Treaty and Covenant.” [Near
Eastern Studies in Honor of W.F. Albright, ed. H. Goedicke, Baltimore:
1971].
FENSHAM, F.C. "Common Trends in Curses of the Near-Eastern Treaties and
Kudurru-Inscriptions Compared with Maledictions of Amos and Isaiah.” ZAW 75 (1963).
FENSHAM, F.C. "Covenant, Promise and Expectation in the Bible.” TZ 23 (1967).
FENSHAM, F.C. "Malediction and Benediction in
Ancient
Near-Eastern Vassal Treaties and the Old Testament.” ZAW 74 (1962).
FITZMYER, J.A. "The
Aramaic Treaty from Sefire in the Museum of Beirut.” CBQ 20 (1958).
FREEDMAN, D.N. "Divine Commitment and Human Obligation.” Interpretation 18 (1964).
GERSTENBERGER, E. "Covenant
and Commandment.” JBL 84 (1965).
HELD, M. "Philological Notes on the
Mari Covenant Rituals.” BASOR 200 (1970).
HEPPENSTALL, E. "The
Law and the Covenant of Sinai.” AndrewsUnivSeminarySt
2 (1964).
HILLERS, D.R. "berit 'am,
Emancipation of the People.” JBL 97 (1978).
JOTHANN, C.D. "The
Covenant and Covenant Making in the Pentateuch." BangaloreTheologicalForum
3 (1969).
KLINE, M.G. "Law
Covenant.” WestminThJ 27 (1964).
KLINE, M.G. "Dynastic
Covenant.” WestminThJ 27 (1964).
LEVENSON, J.D. "The
Davidic Covenant and its Modern Interpreters.” CBQ
41 (1979).
MARTIN-ACHARD, R. "La
nouvelle alliance selon Jérémie.” RThPh 3:12
(1962); also in [Questions disputées...
see D.J.
McCarthy]
MARTIN-ACHARD, R. "La signification de l'alliance dans l'Ancien
Testament
d'après quelques travaux récents.” RThPh 3:18 (1969).
MAYES, A.D.H. "The Covenant on Sinai and the Covenant with David.”
Hermathena 110 (1970).
MAYES, A.D.H. "King
and Covenant, a study of 1K 22-23.” Hermathena
124 (1978).
McCARTHY, D.J. "berit
and Covenant in the Deuteronomistic History.” [Studies
in the Religion and History of Ancient Israel. VT 23 (1972)].
McCARTHY, D.J. "berit
in Old Testament History and Theology.” Bib 53 (1972).
McCARTHY, D.J. "2Sam
7 and the Structure of the Deuteronomistic History.” JBL 84
(1965).
McCARTHY, D.J. "Covenant
Relationships.” [Questions disputées d'Ancien Testament, BETL
33, ed. C.H.W. Brekelmans, Leuven-Gembloux:
1974].
McCARTHY, D.J. "Prophets
and Covenantal Community.” Jeevadhara
11
(1981).
D.J. McCARTHY, "Moses' Dealings with Pharaoh.”
CBQ 27 (1965).
McCARTHY, D.J. "Notes
on the Love of God in Deuteronomy and the Father-Son Relationship
between Yahweh
and Israel.” CBQ
27 (1972) 144-147.
McKAY, J.W. "Man's Love for God in
Deuteronomy and the Father/Teacher -- Son/Pupil Relationship.” VT
22 (1972) 426-435.
McKENZIE, J.L. "The Dynastic
Oracle: 2 Sam 7.” ThSt 8 (1947) 187-218.
McKENZIE, S.L and H.N. WALLACE. "Covenant Themes in
Malachi.” CBQ 45:4 (1983).
MORAN, W.L. "The Ancient Near Eastern Background of the Love of God
in
Deuteronomy.” CBQ 24 (1963).
W. MOST, "A Biblical Theology of Redemption in a Covenantal Framework.”
CBQ 29 (1959).
MUILENBURG, J. "The Form and
Structure of the Covenantal Formulations.” VT 9 (1959).
NICHOLSON, E.W. "The Covenant
Ritual in Ex 24:3-8.” VT 32 (1982).
NICHOLSON, E.W. "The Tradition in
Exodus 24:9-11.” VT 26 (1976).
NICHOLSON, E.W. "The Interpretation
of Exodus 24:9-11.” VT 24 (1974).
O'DOHERTY, E. "The
Organic Development of Messianic
Revelation.” CBQ 19 (1957) 16-24.
PRUSSNER, F.C. "The
Covenant of David and the Problem of the Unity in Old Testament
Theology.”
[Transitions in Biblical Scholarship, ed. J.C. Rylaarsdam,
Chicago:
1968].
QUELL, G. "diatheke, The Old
Testament term berit.” Theological Dictionary
of the
Bible.
RIEMANN, P.A. "Covenant, Mosaic.”
[IDB, suppl. vol, Nashville: 1976].
SWETNAM, J. "Why was Jeremiah's new
covenant new?.” [Studies on Prophecy,
VTSup
26 (1974)].
SWETNAM, J. "Diatheke in the
Septuagint account of Sinai: A Suggestion.” Bib 47 (1966).
TSEVAT, M. "The House of David in
Nathan's Prophecy.” Bib 46 (1965).
TSEVAT, M. "The Neo-Assyrian and
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