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- Ray Blanchard, PhD
- Head, Clinical Sexology Services
- Law & Mental Health Program
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health
- Department of Psychiatry
- University of Toronto
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- Psychophysiological procedure for assessing erotic interests in males
- Test stimuli—potentially erotic objects or activities
- Measured response—penile tumescence
- Interpretation of results—degree of penile tumescence reflects subject’s
relative attraction to tested stimuli
- Organ of primary interest
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- Cheaper
- Immediate interpretation
- Clean signal
- Diagnostic accuracy established
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- Physical measurement of penile tumescence
- Stimulus modalities and materials
- Clinical applications
- Research applications
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- Circumference (mercury-in-rubber strain gauge)
- Volume (true plethysmography)
- Comparison of methods
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- Used in CAMH lab
- Not commercially available
- About 10,000 patients assessed at CAMH since 1968
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- Penile circumference may actually decrease when penis first starts
filling with blood
- Circumferential and volumetric methods show excellent agreement above
10% of full erection
- Volumetric method is superior at lower levels of arousal
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- Not standardized across laboratories
- Depends on parameter assessed, i.e., preferred object (males vs.
females, adults vs. children) or preferred activity (consensual sex,
sadism, masochism, etc.)
- Still photographs
- Pre-recorded audio narratives
- Videotapes or DVDs
- Combination of modalities
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- Audiotaped narrative
- “You are watching a late movie on TV with your neighbours’ 12-year-old
daughter. You have your arm around her shoulders, and your fingers brush
against her chest. You realize that her breasts have begun to develop.…”
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- PHALLOMETRIC ASSESSMENT OF AN INDIVIDUAL PATIENT
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- Young adult male outpatient
- No criminal charges
- Somewhat inconsistent historian
- Presenting complaint, erotic attraction to boys around 11 years of age
- Reported no attraction to females of any age
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- Although patient reported no attraction to females of any age, he did
respond substantially to prepubescent girls
- No detectable response to adult men or adult women
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- Accuracy of assessment
- Sensitivity—percentage of pedophilic men who are correctly diagnosed as
pedophilic
- Specificity—percentage of nonpedophilic men who are correctly diagnosed
as nonpedophilic
- Clinical challenge of nonadmitters
- Blanchard et al. (2001). Psychological Assessment, 13, 118-126.
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- 82 offenders against adult women
- 172 offenders against unrelated children
- 70 offenders against children/stepchildren
- All professed greatest sexual attraction to females age 17 or older
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- Offenders against children subdivided by number of victims (1, 2,
≥3)
- Offenders against women subdivided by number of victims + consenting
adult partners (1-5, 6-23, ≥24)
- Reason for subdivision—need for ”gold standard”
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- Sensitivity of phallometric testing for pedophilia is about 60% when
specificity is about 95%
- Similar results were obtained by other researchers
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- WHAT DISPOSES MEN WHO PREFER ADULT WOMEN TO APPROACH LITTLE GIRLS?
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- Perhaps 50%
- Motivation of non-pedophiles?
- Examined with unpublished data analyzed specifically for this luncheon
talk
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- Consenting patients with complete data = 2,229
- Maximum self-reported attraction to females age 17 or older
- No or lesser self-reported attraction to females 15–16
- No self-reported attraction to females under 14
- No self-reported attraction to males of any age
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- No sexual offenses against females under 17
- No sexual offenses against males of any age
- No child pornography use
- No consenting adult male partners
- Greatest phallometric response to adult females
- Pure gynephiles = 214
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- T-tests for pairs showed that responses to prepubescent girls were
significantly greater than responses to neutral stimuli, but responses
to males did not differ from responses to neutral stimuli
- This ad hoc study confirms Freund et al. (1972). The female child as a
surrogate object. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 2, 119–133
- Men whose primary sexual interest is in adult women tend to produce
slight but detectable penile responses to moving or still photographs of
nude prepubescent girls
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- Blanchard et al. (2007). IQ, handedness, and pedophilia in adult male
patients stratified by referral source. Sexual Abuse, 19, 285–309
- Pedophiles: Phallometric response to prepubescents (of either sex)
greater than their responses to pubescents or adults (N = 106)
- Hebephiles: Phallometric response to pubescents greater than their
responses to prepubescents or adults (N = 340)
- Teleiophiles: Phallometric response to adults greater than their
responses to pubescents or prepubescents (N = 386)
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