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Cryptography is the study of hiding information. Cryptography is the science \
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paper an perhaps simple mechanical aids.\n- non-standard hieroglyphs carved \
into monuments from the Old Kingdom of Egypt (1900 BC), \n- clay tablets from \
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substitution ciphers (500-600 BC) (replace first alphabet letter with last, \
second letter with next to last, ...)\n- Ancient Greeks\n     - transposition \
ciphers (500 BC) (Spartan Scytale  - thin strip of parchment wrapped around a \
cylindrical rod called scytale; the diameter of the scytale was known only by \
the sender and the receiver) \n     - Polybius square (205-123 BC) (pairs of \
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Cell[TextData[{
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 StyleBox["- cable and radio transmissions were encrypted\n- Enigma - \
cryptographic machine used by the Germans (Enigma accepted letters as \
keyboard input and implemented a polyalphabetic substitution cipher using an \
electro-mechanical rotor machine with rotating disks; it produced output by \
lighting electrical lamps beneath lettered windows )\n",
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Cell[TextData[{
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cryptology and cryptanalysis (confusion/diffusion). \n  Confusion - make the \
relation between the key and the ciphertext as complex as possible.\n  \
Diffusion - data diffusion: changing one letter in the plaintext will change \
many letters in the ciphertext\n                - key diffusion: changing \
even a tiny part of the key should change each bit (letter) in the ciphertext \
with a given probability. \n- ",
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communicated separately over a different channel.\n    - 1970 Data Encryption \
Standard (DES) symmetric block cipher\n    - 2001 Advanced Encryption \
Standard (AES) \n    AES and Triple DES (with 128, 256-bit keys) are used in \
banking, ATM transactions, e-commerce, industry, mobile communications\n    \n\
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*)

(* End of internal cache information *)