Words in Italics have not been covered in lectures.
- Frontinus
- Vitruvius
- Qanat
- Aqueduct
- arcuatio
- specus
- putei
- substructio
- Pergamon
- castellum
- cloaca
- ziggurat
- column-and-beam/post-and-lintel
- entasis
- lewis
- pozzolana (Portland cement)
- Parthenon
- kiln
- Pantheon
- keystone vault
- voussoir
- infantry
- cavalry
- heavy/light
- missile/shock
- battle
- guerilla
- siege
- decimate
- chariot (Reign of the chariot - 1800 BCE - 1300 BCE)
- catapult
- belly-bow (gastraphetes)
- torsion ballista
- Mark IV's stone thrower
- onager
- Heron of Alexandria
Greco-Roman Transportation
- galley
- brails
- amphora (plural: amphorae)
- tacking
- stirrup
- liberal arts
- banausic arts
- shadouf
- Archimedean screw pump
- bucket-wheel
- tympanum
- Persian wheel
- creation
- Science (causes)
- Archimedes (c. 287 BCE Ð 212 BCE)
- latifundia (singular: latifundium)
- serf
- manor
- demesne
- heavy-wheeled plow
- share
- coulter
- mouldboard
- crop rotation
- 3-field system
- harness
- horse shoes
- assarting
- overshot waterwheel
- undershot waterwheel
- tidal mill
- quern
- feudalism
- vassal
- vassalage
- subinfeudation
- stirrup
- shock combat
- castle
- motte and bailey
- traction/counterweight trebuchet
- crossbow
- cathedral
- bishop
- commercial revolution
- Romanesque
- Gothic
- barrel vault
- groin vault
- piers
- broken/pointed/ogive arch
- ribs
- bay
- (flying) buttress
- Chartres
- Bourges
- windmill
- post-mill
- tower mill
- horizontal vs. vertical mill
- spindle
- cam
- crankshaft
- drop spindle
- spinning wheel
- rotary grindstone
- clepsydra
- astrolabe
- sundial
- unequal hours
- equal hours
- Su Song
- monastic hours
- belfrey
- horologium
- mercury clock of King Alfonso (1276)
- escapement
- verge-and-foliot
- Richard of Wallingford (1330)
- Giovanni de' Dondi ("astrarium", c. 1350)
- linear perspective
- (See also the in-class handout on Renaissance Artist-Engineers)
- Theatre of machines
- Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519)
- parchment
- paper
- scriptorium
- xylography
- woodcut
- typesetting
- proportional spacing
- nonproportional spacing
- punch
- matrix
- type
- movable type
- font
- case
- compositor
- printing press
- Johann Gutenberg (Mainz, 1440s)
- Johann Fust
- Peter Schöaut;ffer
- incunabula (singular: incunable)
- linen
- wool
- cotton
- silk
- livery
- spices
- recipes
- open hearth
- fire place
- Hugh of St. Victor (mechanical arts: Fabric-making, Armament, Commerce, Agriculture, Hunting, Medicine, Theatre)
- KNO3
- nitrates
- Chinese snow
- saltpetre
- bombard
- Mons Meg
- cannon
- arquebus
- musket
- pike
- gunpowder (China - 1044; Europe - 1260)
- mortar and pestle
- serpentine powder
- corning
- Leif Eriksson (c. 1000)
- rudder
- fore-and-aft rigging
- magnetic compass
- T-O map
- portolan
- carrack
- caravel
- volta (plural: volte)
- Admiral Cheng-Ho
- Cristobal Colón (1492)
- Vasco da Gama (1497-8)
- Samarin
- pepper
- cloves
- Pedro Alvarez Cabral (1500-1)
- Calicut
- Ferdinand Magellan (1519-22)
- Amerigo Vespucci
- slavery
- smelting
- silver
- gold
- market gardens
- cauliflower
- broccoli
- brussel sprouts
- potato
- tomato
- maize/sweet corn
- peppers (Piper vs. Capsicum)
- tea
- coffee
- chocolate
- tobacco
- alcohol
- pineapple
- Scientific Revolution
- Industrial Revolution
- scientist
- natural philosopher
- Baconian Sciences
- Inventory Sciences
- Classical Sciences
- Andreas Vesalius (De fabrica corporis humani, 1543)
- Nikolas Copernicus (De revolutionibus orbium caelestium, 1543)
- Tycho Brahe
- Johannes Kepler
- Galileo Galilei
- Isaac Newton
- William Gilbert
- William Harvey
- Johann Rudolph Glauber
- Francis Bacon (New Atlantis)
- Royal Society
- George Agricola / Georg Bauer (De Re Metallica, 1556)
- failure
- progress
- Thomas Malthus
- price revolution
- enclosure movement
- English Industrial Revolution (1760-1830)
- coal
- charcoal
- coke
- iron
- steam engine
- Thomas Newcomen
- vacuum pump
- Evangelista Torricelli
- Thomas Savery
- James Watt
- blast furnace
- Darby family
- Henry Cort
- Darby-Cort process
- reverberatory furnace
- decarbonization
