Debian Dual Install



This page is based on notes I made when installing Debian & Windows XP on my laptop. It doesn't make an effort to be comprehensive. Nevertheless, I hope it is some use. If you're looking for info on how to get the wireless networking up click here. A link back to the main page is here.

If you don't own a laptop but are looking for a laptop to run GNU/Linux on I'd suggest going with an IBM. IBM is much more supportive of GNU/Linux than Toshiba.

Up-date: It has now been quite a while since I did the install. Since then I've figured-out a few more things; I've up-graded the kernel--this finally allowed me to get the battery indicator to work in KDE. :) Also, I found-out the sound should now work without tweaking--the newer Debian installers set things-up beautifully (I learned this from re-installing my desktop). The partitioning scheme I used is less than ideal; the size of the /boot partition limits me to having two kernels installed concurrently. I discovered this when up-grading from 2.6.5 to 2.6.8. Lately, I've figured-out how to mount an external hard drive and my USB key. Also, I've figured-out what frequently had caused the keyboard to lock-up (in X Windows) after boot-up and applied a work around.

To do is


If you've found my notes useful send some fan mail. My email is first_name.last_name@utoronto.ca.


Other Linux Satellite A20 users:
http://lucidforest.net/~humanpeople/linux.html
http://www.bic.kyoto-u.ac.jp/proteome/rwan/debian.html



Debian GNU/Linux, Windows XP -- Dual Install
16 April 2004 ---- Toshiba Satellite A20



Satellite A20 -- A20-31Q: 2.53GHz (PSA20C-0231Q)
http://www.toshiba.ca/web/specifications.grp?lg=en§ion=1&group=223&product=1912&part=1772


==================================================
Installing WinXP from Recovery CD-ROM
http://209.167.114.38/support/TechSupport/ln_TechSupport.htm

Q:  	How Do I Use the Recovery CD-ROM Shipped?
A: 	Insert the first Recovery CD-ROM, and turn the computer off.  Hold down the F12 key or the C key and power on.  
Holding down the F12 key will display a list of boot devices of which you may choose CD-ROM.  Holding down the C key 
will force boot from the CD-ROM.
==================================================

F1 	- Accept Micro$oft's terms
C	- continue (erase HD contents - replace with inferior OS)
Y	- proceed (erase partitions)
Ok	- after inserting second CD-ROM


NOTE: Toshiba's recovery CD-ROMs doesn't fix the master boot record (MBR)

Reboot with Windows98 CD-ROM
-- choose option #2 'with CDROM support' (don't install Windows98)
-- at prompt
	fdisk /mbr

WinXP setup
computer name: clonus
user name: Athamas
	the most stupid king in the world
	http://www.godchecker.com/pantheon/greek-mythology.php?deity=NEPHELE

Defragmentation in WinXP
reboot & hold F8
go into 'safe mode'
Start -> All Programs -> Accessories -> System Tools -> Disk Defragmenter

==================================================
Splitting a NTFS/HPFS partition using a Knoppix CD
http://www.copyleft.co.nz/install-prnt.htm
--------------------------------------------------
reboot with KNOPPIX3.3 -- available at http://www.knoppix.org
go to console (e.g. alt-crtl-F2)
# ntfsresize -i /dev/hda1			# to get information
	{snip}
	You could resize at 8977256448 bytes or 8978 MB (freeing 31030 MB).

	COMMENT - 8.98G would be sufficient
# ntfsresize -n -s 9G /dev/hda1		# a test
# ntfsresize -s 9G /dev/hda1			# check everything is in (10G) limit
...
Are you sure you want to proceed (y/[n])? y
...
Successfully resized NTFS on device '/dev/hda1'.
You can go on to shrink the device e.g. with 'fdisk'.
IMPORTANT: When recreating the partition, make sure you
  1) create it with the same starting drak cylinder
  2) create it with the same partition type (usually 7, HPFS/NTFS)
  3) do not make it smaller than the new NTFS filesystem size
  4) set the bootable flag for the partition if it existed before
Otherwise you may lose your data or can't boot your computer from the disk!

# cfdisk /dev/hda				# disk partition utility
[Delete]
hda1	Boot 	Primary		NTFS	[]	40007.77

[New]
[Primary]
Size (in MB): 9050
	COMMENT - this is a tiny bit bigger than it has to be
[Beginning]
[Bootable]
[Type]
Enter filesystem type: 07
	COMMENT: 07 is HPFS/NTFS

hda1	Boot 	Primary		NTFS	[]	9047.81
[Write]
Are you sure you want write the partition table to disk? (yes or no): yes

# reboot	(REBOOT - take knoppix disk out of drive when prompted)

Checking file system on C:
bla bla

REBOOTS
Installs new stuff...

REBOOT AGAIN (it is the Windows way)
==================================================
USING DAILY BUILD 18 April 2004 -- Debian GNU/Linux 'Sarge'

http://lists.debian.org/debian-boot/2004/debian-boot-200401/msg01530.html
at boot prompt:
 linux debian-installer/framebuffer=false

Language
	en_US

Keyboard
	American English

Name of computer:
 	localhost

Partition:
	Manually edit partition table

Partition scheme:
	Multi-user


hda1	primary		9.0 GB		NTFS		/mnt/winxp	9050	win xp
hda2	primary		1.5 GB		FAT32		/mnt/transfer	1502	win xp/debian
hda3	primary		32.9 MB		ext3		/boot		32	debian
hda5	logical		205.5 MB	reiserfs	/ 		202	debian
hda6	logical		551.0 MB	(swap)		swap		552	debian
hda7	logical		4.2 GB		reiserfs	/usr		4202	debian
hda8	logical		2.5 GB		reiserfs	/var		2502	debian
hda9	logical		822.4 MB	reiserfs	/tmp		822	debian
hda10	logical		10.5 GB		reiserfs	/home		10502	debian
hda11	logical		10.6 GB		reiserfs	/mnt/media	9802	debian

boot flag for hda1 -- ON
boot flag for had3 -- OFF

Finish partitioning -- at top

Install the Debian base system
	kernel-image-2.4.25-1-386

Boot loader
	http://lucidforest.net/~humanpeople/linux.html
	Do not install to MBR, you'll mess everything up.

	SKIP GRUB -- using menu
	LILO is better IMHO.

LILO installation target:
	/dev/hda3 : new Debian partition

Reboot --- put in knoppix CD

========================================
DUAL BOOT SET-UP
http://www.justlinux.com/forum/showthread.php?s=&threadid=75693&highlight=dual+boot
http://lucidforest.net/~humanpeople/linux.html

boot knoppix
CRTL-ALT-F2
# mount /dev/hda3 /mnt/hda3
# mount /dev/hda2 /mnt/hda2
# dd if=/dev/hda3 of=/mnt/hda2/bootsect.lnx bs=512 count=1	# copy the first part of the drive to a file

# reboot

IN WINDOWS
copy "bootsect.lnx" from drive E:\ to drive C:\

Open "Explorer"
Tools --> Folder Options --> View
	click on "Show hidden files and folders"
	uncheck "Hide protected operating system files (Recommended)"   -- stupid hand holding

Click on "boot.ini" -- uncheck "Read-only"

Open notepad -- use it to open "boot.ini"
ADD
C:\bootsect.lnx="Debian GNU/Linux - Sarge"


----------------------------------------
NOTE 1: If you want Debian to be the default
change
-----
default=multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(0)partition(1)\WINDOWS
-----
to
-----
default=C:\bootsect.lnx
-----
----------------------------------------
NOTE 2: One can swap around the order
-- I have Debian listed first in boot.ini

========================================
Debian base system configuration

Time zone configuration
Is the hardware clock set to GMT?
	No

Time Zone
	Eastern

Root password

New user (full name)
	[blank]

username for your account:
	nutella

Use PPP (?
	This system does not seem to be currently connected to the internet.
	Even if you plan to install from CD, it is wise to download at least
	security updates from the internet.

	If you have an account on an Internet Servies Provider (ISP), and you
	want to use it during the install, you may configure the PPP service
	now, and open a PPP connection to your ISP.

	Use a PPP connection to install the system?
	no

Apt config
	ftp
	canada
	http
	debian.yorku.ca

	HTTP proxy
		[blank]

ASIDE (INSTALLER BUG)
had to ADD the following to "/etc/modules" (and reboot):
---
8139too
---

select none	(choose packages)

Conf popularity-contest
	no
	dpkg-reconfigure popularity-contest		# to reconfig

Exim v4
	no config
	leave unconfig

to revisit configuration
	base-config program

============================================================
APT-GETTING STUFF
x-window-system

-------------------------config of x
driver
	trident

mouse
	/dev/psaux

Please choose the entry that best describes your mouse.
	PS/2

Is your monitor an LCD device?
	yes

Setting
	advanced mode

Enter your monitor's horizontal sync range.
	30-50

Enter your monitor's vertical refresh range.
	50-70

-------------------------

kde

=================================================
FIXING THE SOUND
=================================================
user@localhost:~$ ls -lat /dev/dsp
crw-rw----    1 root     audio     14,   3 Dec 31 19:31 dsp

$ su
# chmod 666 /dev/dsp
	WORKS!
=================================================

=================================================
FIXING THE SOUND -- MIXER
=================================================
user@localhost:~$ ls -lat /dev/mixer
crw-rw----    1 root     audio     14,   0 Dec 31 19:31 /dev/mixer

$ su
# chmod 666 /dev/mixer
	WORKS!
=================================================

ssh
mozilla

wine
winesetuptk

zip
unzip
bzip2
pstotext		converts pdfs to text

openoffice.org
myspell-en-us		dictionary
openoffice.org-help-en
openoffice.org-thesaurus-en-us

licq

kdm			login manager
	configuration is in "/etc/init.d"
	the default is "xdm"
	changed to "kdm"

xine-ui			# see below for decss
gimp

acpi			Do I need it?
acpid			Do I need it?
  # apt-get remove acpid

	acpid says
	-----
	Kernel ACPI support

	Your current kernel does not have ACPI support enabled. In order to be
	able to use the Advanced Configuration and Power Interface support you
	need to recompile your kernel with ACPI support enabled.

	
	-----


=================================================
FIXING THE BATTERY & SHUTDOWN
=================================================

from "mandrake_laptop4.txt"

# su
# modprobe -v toshiba_acpi
# modprobe -v battery
# modprobe -v processor
# modprobe -v ac
# modprobe -v thermal
	proves modules load
	# update-modules 	# worked in debian -- doesn't work in mdk

added the following to "/etc/modules":
---
ac
battery
processor
thermal
toshiba_acpi
---

NEEDS MORE WORK!!!

LOOKS LIKE THE SOLUTION IS HERE:
http://oregonstate.edu/~kveton/debian/
http://oregonstate.edu/~kveton/kernel/


=================================================
CD PLAYER (KsCD)
=================================================
localhost:/home/user# ls -lat /dev/cdrom
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root           11 Apr 20 07:55 /dev/cdrom -> /dev/cdrom0
localhost:/home/user# ls -lat /dev/cdrom0
lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root            8 Apr 20 07:55 /dev/cdrom0 -> /dev/hdc
localhost:/home/user# ls -lat /dev/hdc
brw-rw----    1 root     disk      22,   0 Apr  9 10:29 /dev/hdc
localhost:/home/user# chmod 666 /dev/hdc

WORKS!
=================================================

=================================================
CD BURNING -- more further down
=================================================
apt-get install toolame
apt-get remove toolame 		# doesn't do anything?

apt-get install k3b
apt-get install vorbis-tools

apt-get install lame		# mp3 encoder, non-us -- see decss


KAUDIOCREATOR - LAME CONFIG
---ERROR MESSAGE-------------
The encoded file was not created.
Please check the encoder options.
The wav file has been removed. Command was: lame --r3mix --tt '03' --ta 'Unknown Artist' --tl 'Unknown Album' --ty '0' --tn '03' --tg '(empty)' '/tmp/kde-user/kaudiocreatorTo59ga.tmp' '/home/user/mp3/Unknown Artist/Unknown Album/Unknown Artist - 03.mp3'

lame --r3mix --tt '03' --ta 'Unknown Artist' --tl 'Unknown Album' --ty '0' --tn '03' --tg '(empty)' '/tmp/kde-user/kaudiocreatorTo59ga.tmp' '/home/user/mp3/Unknown Artist/Unknown Album/Unknown Artist - 03.mp3'
-----------------------------

http://www.linuxquestions.org/questions/archive/2/2003/09/4/96692
-- Setting -- Configure KAudioCreator
  -- Add
    -- lame
    -- lame --r3mix --tt '03' --ta 'Unknown Artist' --tl 'Unknown Album' --ty '0' --tn '03' --tg '(empty)'
    -- mpg


SURPRISING (OR NOT?) this worked:
$ lame '/tmp/kde-user/kaudiocreatorTo59ga.tmp' '/home/user/mp3/Unknown Artist/Unknown Album/Unknown Artist - 03.mp3'

FIX --
THE FOLLOWING DOES NOT WORK:
------
lame --r3mix --tt 'Dies irae' --ta 'Mozart' --tl 'Requiem' --ty '0' --tn '03' --tg '(empty)' '/tmp/kde-user/kaudiocreatorHYPOpa.tmp' '/home/user/mp3/Mozart/Requiem/Mozart - Dies irae.mp3'
------

THE FOLLOWING DOES WORK:
------
lame --r3mix --tt 'Dies irae' --ta 'Mozart' --tl 'Requiem' --ty '0' --tn '03' '/tmp/kde-user/kaudiocreatorHYPOpa.tmp' '/home/user/mp3/Mozart/Requiem/Mozart - Dies irae.mp3'
------

TAKE-OUT the '-tg %genre'
WORKS!!! :-)
=================================================


added "non-free" after "main" in "/etc/apt/sources.list"

=================================================
DVDs, DECSS & QUICKTIME
=================================================
Ref.:
http://lists.debian.org/debian-user/2004/debian-user-200402/msg04485.html
http://lists.debian.org/debian-user/2004/debian-user-200402/msg04650.html

add the following to '/etc/apt/sources.list'
-----
deb ftp://ftp.nerim.net/debian-marillat/ testing main
-----

libdvdread3 libdvdcss2
mplayer-386 mplayer-mozilla mplayer-fonts w32codecs

lame		# for mp3s


create link -- installer didn't
# ln -s /dev/hdc /dev/dvd


---------------------------------------
apt-get install mozilla-plugin-vlc
	liba52-0.7.4 
	libdvbpsi2 
	libdvdplay0 
	libmpeg2-4 
	libxosd2 
	ttf-freefont vlc

apt-get remove mplayer-386 mplayer-mozilla

RESULT -- movie plays but there is no sound	

# apt-cache search plugger
mozplugger - Plugin allowing external viewers to be launched inside Mozilla

apt-get remove mozilla-plugin-vlc

=================================================



=================================================
MOUNTING THE NTFS DRIVE & FIXING THE TRANSFER DIRECTORY
=================================================
making life a bit easier
ln -s /mnt/transfer /home/user/transfer
ln -s /mnt/winxp/ winxp


making it so one CAN access 'transfer' and 'winxp' --as a regular user

http://electron.mit.edu/~gsteele/linuxfaq/
http://www.linux.ucla.edu/pipermail/linux/2001-November/006042.html

change "/etc/fstab"
-----
/dev/hda2       /mnt/transfer   vfat    rw,user,noexec,umask=0000       0       2
/dev/hda1       /mnt/winxp      ntfs    ro,user,exec,umask=022	0       0
-----

# mount -a		# mounts all the stuff in the fstab

NOTES:
noexec -- no execution
umask=0000 is  drwxrwxrwx
umask=022 is drwxr-xr-x

=================================================
creating another user
=================================================

# useradd -u1001 anotheruser
# cd /home/
# mkdir anotheruser
# chown anotheruser:staff anotheruser
# passwd anotheruser		# enter new passwd

=================================================
SHOREWALL
=================================================
apt-get install shorewall

#### WARNING ####
the firewall won't be started/stopped unless it is configured

please configure it and then edit /etc/default/shorewall
and set the "startup"   variable to 1 in order to allow
shorewall to start
#################


=================================================
CONFIG OF SHOREWALL
=================================================
config files in "/etc/shorewall/"
copied scheme from Mandrake install

# shorewall start 			# starts shorewall manually
# shorewall stop			# stop shorewall manually
# shorewall restart		# restarts shorewall manually

http://www.shorewall.net/starting_and_stopping_shorewall.htm

Users of the .deb package must edit /etc/default/shorewall and
set 'startup=1'.
=================================================



=================================================
MACROMEDIA FLASH CRAP
=================================================
FLASH VIEWER - GPL VERSION
	# apt-get install libflash0
	# apt-get install libswfdec0
	# apt-get install swf-player
	# apt-get install gstreamer-swfdec
	
	# apt-get remove libflash0
	# apt-get remove libswfdec0

http://lists.debian.org/debian-user/2003/debian-user-200305/msg02313.html	
need the following in "/etc/apt/sources.list":
-----
# non-us
deb ftp://ftp.nerim.net/debian-marillat/ testing main
-----
# apt-get install flashplayer-mozilla	# flashplayer (commerical crap some web sites insist on using)

=================================================

apt-get install xpdf
apt-get install httrack		# httrack - Copy websites to your computer (Offline browser)


UPGRADED F!#$@#!%!$#@ WITH SOUND
apt-cache search sound |grep config
apt-get install sndconfig
apt-get remove sndconfig	# crappy Red Hat stuff didn't work


KMenu -- Settings -- Configure Panel -- Taskbar 
	uncheck "Show only minimized windows"
	uncheck "Show windows from all desktops"

TODO - Where are the 'tool tips' on the icons in the taskbar?	

TODO - FIX mozilla-1.5
user@localhost:~/.kde$ grep mozilla-1.5 * -R
share/applnk/Internet/Debian/Mozilla_Navigator.desktop:Exec=mozilla-1.5
share/config/konquerorrc:History=kpdf %i %m -caption "%c",kwrite %u,kfmclient openProfile webbrowsing,totem,/usr/bin/xine,kuickshow %i %m -caption "%c" %U,xmms,/usr/bin/totem,mozilla-1.5,kwrite %U,/usr/bin/oowriter
grep: socket-localhost/klauncherDULPFa.slave-socket: No such device or address
grep: socket-localhost/kdeinit-:0: No such device or address
grep: socket-localhost/kdeinit__0: No such device or address
user@localhost:~/.kde$

---------------------------------------
GIMP, PNG & IE
http://slashdot.org/articles/04/05/11/134214.shtml?tid=106&tid=137&tid=185&tid=198
Re:Your graphs are unreadable (Score:5, Informative)
by Etyenne (4915) on Tuesday May 11, @12:25PM (#9117606)

    PNG transparency works fine in IE as long as you don't try to do partial transparency. For simple on/off transparency (the same 
    as what GIF offers), there are no problem with IE5 and up.

More precisely, the PNG need to be in indexed mode (aka PNG8) for full transparency to work in IE. In The GIMP, click 
the "Image" menu, "Mode", "Indexed".

Some myth ("IE don't support PNG !!!") really die hard.
---------------------------------------

kcontrol - Sound & Multimedia - System Notifications

=================================================
CHECKING FIREWALL
=================================================
apt-get install nmap

localhost:/home/user# route
Kernel IP routing table
Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface
142.150.136.0   *               255.255.248.0   U     0      0        0 eth1
default         firewall3.wirel 0.0.0.0         UG    0      0        0 eth1
localhost:/home/user# nmap 142.150.136.0

Starting nmap 3.50 ( http://www.insecure.org/nmap/ ) at 2004-05-11 21:50 EDT
Host 142.150.136.0 seems to be a subnet broadcast address (returned 67 extra pings). Skipping host.
Note: Host seems down. If it is really up, but blocking our ping probes, try -P0
Nmap run completed -- 1 IP address (0 hosts up) scanned in 12.317 seconds
localhost:/home/user#

---------
localhost:/home/user# nmap 127.0.0.1

Starting nmap 3.50 ( http://www.insecure.org/nmap/ ) at 2004-05-11 21:55 EDT
Interesting ports on localhost (127.0.0.1):
(The 1655 ports scanned but not shown below are in state: closed)
PORT   STATE SERVICE
9/tcp  open  discard
13/tcp open  daytime
22/tcp open  ssh
37/tcp open  time

Nmap run completed -- 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 2.289 seconds
localhost:/home/user#
=================================================


FIXING THE KDE MENU
http://lists.debian.org/debian-kde/2003/05/msg00407.html
/usr/bin/update-menus

 
=================================================
USBKEY IN DEBIAN LINUX
=================================================
24 March 2005

REFERENCE
http://www.unc.edu/~aperrin/tips/src/usbkey.html

NEED
# usbcore
# usb-{o,u}hci (depending on your USB hardware)
# usb-storage
# scsi_mod
# sg
# sd_mod

# lsmod |grep usbcore
usbcore               118308  4 ehci_hcd,ohci_hcd

LOADING MODULES
# modprobe usb-storage
# modprobe scsi_mod
# modprobe sg
# modprobe sd_mod

CREATE DIRECTORY IN /mnt
# mkdir usbkey

MOUNTING THE USBKEY
# mount -tvfat -oumask=0000 /dev/sda1 /mnt/usbkey

=================================================

ADD THE FOLLOWING TO '/etc/modules'
---
# following were added so one can mount a usbkey
usb-storage
scsi_mod
sg
sd_mod
---

=================================================

=================================================
MOUNT EXTERNAL USB HARD DRIVE
mandrake notes in "usb_external_hard_drive.txt"

# mkdir /mnt/external

----- get info about scsi
# scsi_info

----- info about USB devices
# more /proc/bus/usb/devices

---- in "/proc/bus/usb/devices/" the hard drive shows up as:
T:  Bus=03 Lev=01 Prnt=01 Port=02 Cnt=01 Dev#=  3 Spd=480 MxCh= 0
D:  Ver= 2.00 Cls=00(>ifc ) Sub=00 Prot=00 MxPS=64 #Cfgs=  1
P:  Vendor=05e3 ProdID=0702 Rev= 0.33
S:  Product=USB TO IDE
C:* #Ifs= 1 Cfg#= 1 Atr=c0 MxPwr= 96mA
I:  If#= 0 Alt= 0 #EPs= 2 Cls=08(stor.) Sub=06 Prot=50 Driver=usb-storage
E:  Ad=81(I) Atr=02(Bulk) MxPS= 512 Ivl=0ms
E:  Ad=02(O) Atr=02(Bulk) MxPS= 512 Ivl=125us
----

# mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/external
	----- WORKED!!! :)	Jun 3, 2005. -- but only read-only ?
# umount  /mnt/external
	----- to umount

==============	
ASIDE -- this does NOT fix it	
	# chmod g=rwx external 
	# chmod o=rwx external 
The problem lies with permissions!	
	
# mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/external -tvfat -w

change "/etc/fstab" to include:
-----
/dev/sda1       /mnt/external   vfat    rw,user,noauto,noexec,umask=0000       0       2
-----

OLD	/dev/sda1       /mnt/external   vfat    rw,user,noexec,umask=0000       0       2

then:
# mount /dev/sda1
	----works !

-------------------

----------------------------------
USER AGENT SWITCHER - FOR MOZILLA
http://extensionroom.mozdev.org/more-info/useragentswitcher


=============================							
CD-ROM BURNING

# apt-get install k3b	
K Menu - System - k3bsetup 2
	give root passwd
	
K Menu - Multimedia - K3B (CD & DVD Burning)

TOSHIBA DVD-ROM SD-R2412 CD writing speed = 24X	

need to get 'cdrdao' 
# apt-get install cdrdao
=============================

=================================================
KEYBOARD LOCK-UP BUG
=================================================
August 27, 2005

Google search
http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=X%2C+keyboard+lock-up&btnG=Google+Search

Keyboard lockup after X startup; possible cause
http://lists.debian.org/debian-devel/2005/07/msg01217.html

bug seems to be avoided with use of 'gdm' ???

----this site gives the specific syntax for defining the virtual console
http://lists.freedesktop.org/pipermail/xorg/2004-November/004368.html
---
startx/xinit ... -- vt7
---

----this talks about where to make the change in debian
http://lists.debian.org/debian-kde/2001/07/msg00238.html

MODIFY THE FILE: /etc/kde3/kdm/Xservers
the following line 
---
:0 local@tty1 /usr/X11R6/bin/X -nolisten tcp
---
should become
---
:0 local@tty1 /usr/X11R6/bin/X -nolisten tcp vt7
---
=================================================

=========================================================================================
SETTING UP A NETWORK PRINTER THAT IS ATTACHED TO A ROUTER
=========================================================================================
SUMMARY OF FULL LOG -- 28 August 2005 -- 
=========================================================================================
# apt-get install cupsys cupsys-client
# apt-get install gs-esp a2ps foomatic-filters
# apt-get install cupsys-bsd

LAUNCH A LITTLE PROGRAM TO HELP CONFIG THE SERVER -- NOT TOTALLY SURE WHAT GOES ON HERE
http://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/reference/ch-tune.en.html
$ XAUTHORITY=$HOME/.Xauthority
$ export XAUTHORITY
$ su root
# cupsdconf
	it opens a nice GUI
		
	GOTO - 'server'
	Server name: 192.168.123.254	<-- the address of the router the printer is hooked-up to

AS PER http://linuxmafia.com/faq/Debian/printing-setup.html GOTO:
----> http://localhost:631/printers <----
	follow instructions

	click "Add New Printer" 
	user: root
	passwd: 

	name: hplj4p
	location 192.168.123.254
	descript.: HP LaserJet 4P

	Device for hplj4p
	change to "Internet Printing Protocol (http)"

	Device URI for hplj4p
	lpd://192.168.123.254/lp
	
THE ABOVE CREATES A FILE CALLED '/etc/cups/printers.conf'
IT SHOULD BE AS BELOW:
	---
	# Printer configuration file for CUPS v1.1.23
	# Written by cupsd on Sun Aug 28 19:27:17 2005
	
	Info HP LaserJet 4P
	Location 192.168.123.254
	DeviceURI lpd://192.168.123.254/lp
	State Idle
	Accepting Yes
	JobSheets none none
	QuotaPeriod 0
	PageLimit 0
	KLimit 0
	
	---
	
SINCE CHANGES HAVE BEEN MADE... I THINK ONE HAS TO RESTART cupsd
# ps auxf |grep cupsd
# kill [PID for cupsd]  
# cupsd
	-----I think the following is a more elegant way to do this:
	# /etc/init.d/cupsys restart
	http://www.faqs.org/docs/Linux-mini/Debian-and-Windows-Shared-Printing.html

-----------------------------
CHECKING STATUS OF THE PRINTER AND THE QUEUE
-----------------------------
# lpstat -t
scheduler is running
system default destination: hplj4p
device for hplj4p: lpd://192.168.123.254/lp
hplj4p accepting requests since Jan 01 00:00
printer hplj4p is idle.  enabled since Jan 01 00:00
        Data file sent successfully	
# lpq
hplj4p is ready
no entries
cobalamin:/etc/cups#

-----------------------------
IN KDE DESKTOP ENVIRONMENT
-----------------------------
-----I'm not sure how important the following is...

K-Menu - Control Center - Peripherals - Printers
	Change "Print system currently used:" to "CUPS (Common UNIX Print System)"

K Menu - Control Center - Peripherals - Printers
	- click on "Instances" tab
		- New
		- enter 'hplj4p'
		- click on "Set as Default"
		- click on "Settings..."
			- US Letter (for paper size)	

COMMENTS 
--cupsys-bsd - seems to be cupsys on steroids... it has a built in "lpr" and 
	will uninstall "lpr" if you "apt-get install cupsys-bsd"
--cupsys-bsd seems to be important for printing from OpenOffice.org and Firefox
	without it I could only print from xpdf.
=========================================================================================

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Last modified: Aug 28, 2005.