UofT ECE 467 (2022 Fall) - Quick References

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• Continuing Your Compiler
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• C++ Primer
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• Undefined Behaviour

The website and starter code is being pre-emptively updated!

I don't know if I'll be teaching the course again, but if I wait until next year I'll forget feedback I've received. Note that more test cases have been added (if you pull the new starter code); those are for the (potential) future!

In general, search engines are your friend. Additionally, I highly encourage you to read through man pages/--help for command-line tools. Personally, these command-line documentations used to scare me, but once I overcame that fear, I found them to be extremely informative.

git

Manual.

clone a repository

git clone <url> <optional target directory/path>

show status

git status

stage files for commit

git add <files...>

stage all tracked files for commit

git add -u

show diff for modified files

git diff [optional commit specifier] (by default relative to HEAD, the most recent commit)

git diff [optional commit specifier] -- <files...>

tip: you can suffix a commit ID (or HEAD for the latest commit) with however many (say n) carets (^) to refer to however many (n) commits before it; e.g. HEAD^ for the 2nd latest commit.

tip: you can suffix a commit ID (or HEAD) with ~<n> to refer to <n> to refer to <n> commits before it; e.g. HEAD~2 for the 3rd latest commit.

show diff for staged files (relative to HEAD)

git diff --cached

git diff --cached -- <files...>

show diff between two commits

git diff <older commit> <newer commit>

git diff <older commit> <newer commit> -- <files...>

show history

git log

unstage files

git restore --staged -- <files...>

discard changes to files

git restore -- <files...>

commit

git commit

git commit -m "one line message"

add your own git server/repository (e.g. GitHub)

git remote add <name> <url>

push to your own git server

git push <name> master

tmux

tmux manual.

start a session

tmux

tmux new -s <name>

detach from a session

ctrl-b d

reattach to a session (add flag -d to detach other sessions)

tmux attach

tmux attach -t <name>

list sessions

tmux ls

create a new window

ctrl-b c

switch to the nth window

ctrl-b <n>

list windows

ctrl-b w

split window into vertical panes

ctrl-b %

split window into horizontal panes

ctrl-b "

gdb

gdb manual.

debug an executable

gdb <path/to/executable>

note: you do not pass arguments to your executable here.

run executable inside GDB

r <args...>

e.g. r 4 ../test/lab4/collatz.c

get a backtrace

bt

inspect a call frame

f <n> where <n> is the frame number obtained from the backtrace

print a value or expression

p <expr>

tip: you may even access fields, dereference pointers, and call methods.

set a breakpoint

b <function>

b <file>:<line number>