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Norwegian/Icelandic historiography in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries: a select bibliography of secondary literature

Shami Ghosh, last updated April 2011

 

This bibliography is a greatly reduced version of what appears in my monograph (listed below), which functions in part as a handbook and guide to this scholarship, and to which those readers are therefore referred who desire further assistance with finding material on specific topics or guidance on what the scholarship contains. Some works on other parts of Scandinavia are included beyond Norway (and Iceland insofar as much of the Norwegian historiography was written or preserved there), as are some studies of literature produced outside Scandinavia; these topics, along with scholarship produced before c. 1980, are only very selectively represented. Some studies of other Scandinavian material (e.g. family sagas, heroic verse, economic and social history) are also listed where their themes appear relevant for the study of historiography; similarly some works of scholarship dealing with issues such as textual criticism and editing that have a bearing on historiographic texts are also given below. However, these topics are given only very sketchy coverage in this bibliography; the handbooks listed below (Brink, Clover/Lindow, Ghosh, McTurk and Pulsiano) will provide further guidance. Some internet resources are listed on my links page.

For technical reasons, the hooked ‘o’ is rendered as ‘ö’ throughout.

Suggestions and additions (and questions) are very welcome: email me at shami.ghosh@utoronto.ca.

 

Abram, Christopher. 2001. “Scribal Authority in Skaldic Verse: Þórbjörn hornklofi’s Glymdrápa”. ANF 116: 5–19.

Adolf Friðriksson and Orri Vésteinsson. 2003. “Creating a Past: A Historiography of the Settlement of Iceland”. In Contact, Continuity, and Collapse: The Norse Colonization of the North Atlantic, ed. James Barrett: 139–61. SEM 5. Turnhout: Brepols.

Amory, Frederic. 1978. “Saga Style in Some Kings’ Sagas, and Early Medieval Latin Narrative”. Acta philologica Scandinavica 32: 67–86.

Andersson, Theodore M. 1985 “Kings’ Sagas (Konungasögur)”. In Clover and Lindow, ed. 1985: 197–238.

          . 1992. Review of Krag 1991. SS 64: 487–9.

          . 1993. “Snorri Sturluson and the Saga School at Munkaþverá”. In Wolf, ed. 1993: 9–25.

          . 1994. “The Politics of Snorri Sturluson”. JEGP 93: 55–78.

          . 1998. “The Continuation of *Hlaðajarla saga”. JEGP 97: 155–67.

          . 1999. “The King of Iceland”. Speculum 74: 923–34.

          . 2004a. “The First Icelandic Kings’ Saga: Oddr Snorrason’s Óláfs saga Tryggvasonar or the Oldest Saga of Saint Olaf?”. JEGP 103: 139–55.

          . 2004b. “Five Saga Books for New Century”. JEGP 103: 505–27.

          . 2006. The Growth of the Medieval Icelandic Sagas (1180–1290). Ithaca: Cornell University Press.

          . 2008a. “From Tradition to Literature in the Sagas”. In Mundal and Wellendorf, eds. 2008: 7–17.

          . 2008b. “The Oral Sources of Óláfs saga Helga in Heimskringla”. SBVS 32: 5–38.

          . 2009. “The Formation of the Kings’ Sagas”. In Ney, Williams and Ljungqvist, eds. 2009: 29–33.

Andersson, Theodore M., and Kari Ellen Gade. 1991. “Recent Old Norse-Icelandic Studies in the German-Speaking Countries”. SS 63: 66–102.

Ármann Jakobsson. 1997. Í leit að konungi: konungsmynd íslenskra konungasagna. Reykjavik: Háskólaútgáfan.

          . 1998. “King and Subject in Morkinskinna”. Skandinavistik 28: 101–17.

          . 1999. “Rundt om kongen: en genvurdering af Morkinskinna”. Maal og Minne 1: 71–90.

          . 2000. “The Individual and the Ideal: the Representation of Royalty in Morkinskinna”. JEGP 99: 71–86.

          . 2001a. “The Amplified Saga: Structural Disunity in Morkinskinna”, Medium Ævum 70: 29–46.

          . 2001b. “Strukturelle Brüche in der Morkinskinna”. In Arbeiten zur Skandinavistik: 14. Arbeitstagung der deutschsprachigen Skandinavistik, ed. Annegret Heitmann: 389–400. Frankfurt a. M.: Peter Lang.

          . 2002. Staður í nýjum heimi: konungasagan Morkinskinna. Reykjavik: Háskólaútgáfan.

          . 2005. “Royal Biography”. In McTurk, ed. 2005: 388–402.

Bagge, Sverre. 1989 “Theodoricus Monachus—Clerical Historiography in Twelfth-Century Norway”. SJH 14: 113–33.

          . 1990. “Harald Hardråde i Bysants: to fortellinger, to kulturer”. In Hellas og Norge: Kontakt, komparasjon, kontrast, ed. Øivind Andersen and Thomas Hägg: 169–92. Skrifter utgitt av det Norske Intsitutt i Athen 2. Bergen: Klassisk institutt, Universitetet i Bergen.

          . 1991. Society and Politics in Snorri Sturluson’s Heimskringla. Berkeley: University of California Press.

          . 1995. “Nationalism in Norway in the Middle Ages”. SJH 20: 1–18.

          . 1996. From Gang Leader to the Lord’s Anointed: Kingship in “Sverris Saga” and “Hákonar saga Hákonarsonar”. VC 8. Odense: Odense University Press.

          . 1997. “Icelandic Uniqueness or a Common European Culture? The Case of the Kings’ Sagas”. SS 69: 418–42.

          . 2004. “A Hero between Paganism and Christianity: Håkon the Good in Memory and History”. In Hoff et al, eds. 2004: 185–210.

          . 2006. “The Making of a Missionary King: The Medieval Accounts of Olaf Tryggvason and the Conversion of Norway”. JEGP 105: 473–513.

Bagge, Sverre, and Sæbjørg Walaker Nordeide. 2007. “The Kingdom of Norway”. In Christianization and the Rise of Christian Monarchy: Scandinavia, Central Europe and Rus’ c. 900–1200, ed. Nora Berend: 121–66. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Bandle, Oskar. 1993. “Tradition und Fiktion in der Heimskringla”. In Wolf, ed. 1993: 27–47.

Battista, Simonetta. 2003. “Old Norse Hagiography and the Question of Latin Sources”. In Scandinavia and Christian Europe in the Middle Ages: Papers of the 12th International Saga Conference, ed. Rudolf Simek and Judith Meurer. Bonn: Hausdrückerei der Universität Bonn (unpaginated copy accessed online on 16 September 2009 at http://www.skandinavistik.uni-bonn.de/saga-conference/sagapapers.zip [battista.doc]).

Beck, Heinrich. 2005. “Snorri Sturlusons Konstruktion eines Vorzeitkönigtums”. In Erkens, ed. 2005: 125–40.

Bekker-Nielsen, Hans, and Birte Carlé, eds. 1994. Saints and Sagas: A Symposium. Odense: Odense University Press.

Berger, Alan. J. 1999. “Heimskringla and the Compilations”. ANF 114: 5–15.

Bergsveinn Birgisson. 2008. “What Have We Lost by Writing? Cognitive Archaisms in Skaldic Poetry”. In Mundal and Wellendorf, eds. 2008: 163–84.

Beyschlag, Siegfried. 1950. Konungasögur: Untersuchungen zur Königssaga bis Snorri: Die älteren Übersichtswerke samt Ynglingasaga. BA 8. Copenhagen: Munksgaard.

          . 1953. “Möglichkeiten mündlicher Überlieferung in der Königssaga”. ANF 68: 109–39.

          . 1981. “Arbeitsthesen zum Geschichtswissen der Königssaga (von Harald Schönhaar bis Hakon Jarl)”. In Akten der vierten Arbeitstagung der Skandinavisten des deutschen Sprachgebiets, ed. Fritz Paul: 73–84. Scandica wissenschaftliche Reihe 2. Hattingen: Scandica.

          . 1986. “Die Reichseinigungen der beiden Olafe nach Fagrskinna und Snorri im Vergleich zu Skaldik und Sverrir”. In Germanic Dialects: Linguistic and Philological Investigations, ed. Bela Brogyanyi and Thomas Krömmelbein: 9–41. Amsterdam Studies in the Theory and History of Linguistic Science, Series 4: Current Issues in Linguistic Theory 38. Amsterdam: Benjamins.

Bibire, Paul. 2007. “On Reading the Icelandic Sagas: Approaches to Old Icelandic Texts”. In West over Sea: Studies in Scandinavian Sea-Borne Expansion and Settlement Before 1300, ed. Beverley Ballin Smith, Simon Taylor, and Gareth Williams: 3–18. TNW 31. Leiden: Brill.

Bjarni Einarsson. 1974. “On the Rôle of Verse in Saga-Literature”. MS 7: 118–25.

Bjarni Guðnason. 1977. “Theodoricus og íslenskir sagnaritarar”. In Einar G. Pétursson and Jónas Kristjánsson, eds. 1977: 107–20.

          . 1981. “The Icelandic Sources of Saxo Grammaticus”. In Karsten Friis-Jensen, ed. 1981: 79–93.

Blöndal, Sigfús, and Benedikt S. Benedikz. 1978. The Varangians of Byzantium. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Bolton, Timothy. 2007. “Was the Family of Earl Siward and Earl Waltheof a Lost Line of the Ancestors of the Danish Royal Family?”. Nottingham Medieval Studies 51: 41–71.

          . The Empire of Cnut the Great: Conquest and the Consolidation of Power in Northern Europe in the Early Eleventh Century. TNW 40. Leiden: Brill.

Boulhosa, Patricia Pires. 2005. Icelanders and the Kings of Norway: Mediaeval Sagas and Legal Texts. TNW 17. Leiden: Brill.

Brink, Stefan, ed. 2008. The Viking World. London: Routledge.

Christiansen, Eric. 2006a. The Norsemen in the Viking Age. Oxford: Blackwell.

Ciklamini, Marlene. 1978. Snorri Sturluson. Twayne’s World Author Series 493. Boston: Twayne Publishers.

Clover, Carol J. 1982. The Medieval Saga. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.

          . 1985. “Icelandic Family Sagas”. In Clover and Lindow, eds. 1985: 239–315.

Clover, Carol J., and John Lindow, eds. 1985. Old Norse-Icelandic Literature: A Critical Guide. Islandica 45. Ithaca: Cornell University Press [reprinted by the University of Toronto Press in 2005 as number 42 in the series Medieval Academy Reprints for Teaching, with a new preface by Theodore M. Andersson].

Clunies Ross, Margaret. 1999. “From Iceland to Norway: Essential Rites of Passage for an Early Icelandic Skald”. alvissmál 9: 55–72.

          . 2005. A History of Old Norse Poetry and Poetics. Cambridge: D. S. Brewer.

          . 2007. “Stylistic and Generic Definers of the Old Norse Ekphrasis”. VMS 3: 161–92.

          . 2009a. “Medieval Icelandic Textual Culture”. Gripla 20: 163–81.

          . 2009b. “Poets and Ethnicity”. In Ney, Williams and Ljungqvist, eds. 2009: 185–92.

          . 2010. The Cambridge Introduction to the Old Norse-Icelandic Saga. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Clunies Ross, Margaret, ed. 2000. Old Icelandic Literature and Society. CSML 42. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Cormack, Margaret. 2005. “Christian Biography”. In McTurk, ed. 2005: 27–42.

Dallapiazza, Michael, Olaf Hansen, Preben Meulengracht Sørensen and Yvonne S. Bonnetain, eds. 2000. International Scandinavian and Medieval Studies in Memory of Gerd Wolfgang Weber. Hesperides 12. Trieste: Parnaso.

Danielsson, Tommy. 2002a. Hrafnkels saga eller Fallet med den undflyende traditionen. Hedemora: Gidluns Förlag.

          . 2002b. Sagorna om Norges kungar: från Magnús góði till Magnús Erlingsson. Hedemora: Gidluns Förlag.

Del Zotto, Carla. 2005. “Paradigmi agiografici nella storiografia medievale sulla conversione della Scandinavia”. Rivista di cultura classica e medioevale 47: 361–81.

Dronke, Ursula, Guðrún P. Helgadóttir, Gerd Wolfgang Weber and Hans Bekker-Nielsen, eds. 1981. Specvlvm Norroenum: Norse Studies in Memory of Gabriel Turville-Petre. Odense: Odense University Press.

Duke, Siân. 2001. “From Bede to Ari: Extending the Borders of Christendom”. Quaestio 2: 27–42.

Dørum, Knut. 2001. “Det norske riket som odel: Harald Hårfagres ætt”. HT(N) 80: 323–42.

Ekrem, Inger. 2003. ‘Essay on Date and Purpose’. In Historia Norwegie, ed. Inger Ekrem and Lars Boje Mortensen: 156–225. Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum Press.

Faulkes, Anthony, and Richard Perkins, ed. 1993. Viking Revaluations: Viking Society Centenary Symposium 14-15 May 1992. London: Viking Society for Northern Research.

Fell, Christine. 1981. “Víkingarvísur”. In Dronke et al, eds. 1981: 106–22.

Fentress, James, and Chris Wickham. 1992. Social Memory. Oxford: Blackwell.

Fidjestøl, Bjarne. 1982. Det norrøne fyrstediktet. Nordisk Institutts skriftserie 11. Øvre Ervik: Alvheim & Eide.

          . 1997a. “European and Native Tradition in Óláfs saga helga”. In Fidjestøl 1997e: 184–200.

          . 1997b [orig. 1994]. “Norse-Icelandic Composition in the Oral Period”. In Fidjestøl 1997e: 303–32.

          . 1997c [orig. 1993]. “Óláfr Tryggvason the Missionary: A Literary Portrait from the Middle Ages”. In Fidjestøl 1997e: 201–27.

          . 1997d [orig. 1993]. “Skaldic Stanzas and Saga Prose. Observations on the Relationship between Prose and Verse in Snorri’s Heimskringla”. In Fidjestøl 1997e: 255–76.

          . 1997e. Selected Papers, ed. Odd Einar Haugen and Else Mundal. Trans. Peter Foote. VC 9. Odense: Odense University Press.

Foerster, Thomas. 2009. Vergleich und Identität: Selbst- und Fremddeutung im Norden des hochmittelalterlichen Europa. EM 14. Berlin: Akademie Verlag.

Foote, Peter G. 1984a. “Aachen, Lund, Hólar”. In Les relations littéraires: 53–73 [cited from the reprint with a postscript in Foote 1984b: 101–20].

          . 1984b. Aurvandilstá, ed. Michael Barnes, Hans Bekker-Nielsen and Gerd Wolfgang Weber. VC 2. Odense: Odense University Press.

          . 1994. “Saints’ Lives and Sagas”. In Bekker-Nielsen and Carlé, eds. 1994: 73–88.

          . 2004. “Icelandic Historians and the Swedish Image. Comments on Snorri and his Precursors”. In his Kreddur: Select Studies in Early Icelandic Law and Literature, 154–81. Reykjavik: Hið íslenzka fornritfélag.

Foote, Peter G., and David M. Wilson. 1970. The Viking Achievement. London: Sidgwick and Jackson.

Friis-Jensen, Karsten. 1987. Saxo Grammaticus as Latin Poet: Studies in the Verse Passages of the Gesta Danorum. Analecta Romana Instituti Danici, Supplementa 14. Rome: L’Erma di Bretschneider.

          . 1988. “Saxo Grammaticus’s Bjarkamál and its Latin Models”. In Janni, ed. 1988: 307–15.

          . 1992. “Saxo Grammaticus’s Study of the Roman Historiographers and His Version of History”. In Saxo Grammaticus tra storiografia e letteratura, ed. Carlo Santini: 61–81. I conveni di classiconorroena 1. Bevagna: Il calamo.

Friis-Jensen, Karsten, ed. 1981. Saxo Grammaticus: A Medieval Author Between Norse and Latin Culture. Danish Medieval History and Saxo Grammaticus 2. Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum Press.

Friis-Jensen, Karsten, and Inge Skovgaard-Petersen, eds. 2000. Archbishop Absalon of Lund and his World. Roskilde: Roskilde museums forlag.

Gade, Kari Ellen. 1997. “Northern Lights on the Battle of Hastings”. Viator 28: 65–81.

          . 2000a. “Morkinskinna’s “Giffarðsþáttr”: Literary Fiction or Historical Fact?”. Gripla 11: 181–98.

          . 2000b. “Poetry and Its Changing Importance in Medieval Icelandic Culture”. In Clunies Ross, ed. 2000: 61–95.

          . 2001. “The Dating and Attributions of Verses in the Skald Sagas”. In Poole, ed. 2001: 50–74.

          . 2004. “Morkinskinna and 25th September 1066”. In Hoff et al, eds. 2004: 211–23.

Gelsinger, Bruce E. 1988. “The Battle of Stamford Bridge and the Battle of Jaffa: a Case of Confused Identity?”. SS 60: 13–29.

Ghosh, Shami. 2011. Kings’ Sagas and Norwegian History: Problems and Perspectives. Leiden: Brill.

Glauser, Jürg. 2000. “Sagas of Icelanders (Íslendinga sögur) and Þættir as the Literary Representation of a New Social Space”. In Clunies Ross, ed. 2000: 203–20.

          . 2007. “The Speaking Bodies of Saga Texts”. In Quinn, Heslop and Wills, eds. 2007: 13–26.

Goeres, Erin Michelle. 2010. “The King is Dead, Long Live the King: Commemoration in the Skaldic Verse of the Viking Age”. Diss. Oxford.

Gottskálk Jensson. 2004. “The Lost Latin Literature of Medieval Iceland: The Fragments of the Vita sancti Thorlaci and Other Evidence”. SO 79: 150–70.

Grove, Jonathan. 2007. “The Contest of Verse-Making in Old Norse-Icelandic Skaldic Poetry”. Diss. Toronto.

Guðrún Nordal. 1998. Ethics and Action in Thirteenth-Century Iceland. VC 11. Odense: Odense University Press.

          . 2000. “The Contemporary Sagas and their Social Context”. In Clunies Ross, ed. 2000: 221–41.

          . 2001. Tools of Literacy: The Role of Skaldic Verse in Icelandic Textual Culture of the Twelfth and Thirteenth Centuries. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.

Gunnar Karlsson. 1993. “A Century of Research on Icelandic Society”. In Faulkes and Perkins, eds. 1993: 15–25.

          . 2000. Iceland’s 1100 Years: History of a Marginal Society. London: Hurst & Co.

          . 2004. Goðamenning: Staða og áhrif goðorðsmanna í þjóðveldi Íslendinga. Reykjavik: Heimskringla.

Haki Antonsson. 2007. St. Magnús of Orkney: A Scandinavian Martyr-Cult in Context. TNW 29. Leiden: Brill.

Hanssen, Jens S. T. 1945. “Observations on Theodoricus Monachus and His History of the Old Norwegian Kings from the End of the XII. Sec.”. SO 24: 164–80.

          . 1949. “Theodoricus Monachus and European Literature”. SO 27: 70–127.

Harris, Joseph. 1972. “Genre and Narrative Structure in some Íslendinga þættir”. SS 44: 1–27.

          . 1975. “Genre in the Saga Literature: A Squib”. SS 47: 427–35.

          . 1976. “Theme and Genre in Some Íslendinga þættir”. SS 48: 1–28.

          . 1986. “Saga as Historical Novel”. In Lindow, Lönnroth and Weber, ed. 1986: 187–219.

Helle, Knut. 1993. “Norway, 800–1200”. In Faulkes and Perkins, eds. 1993: 1–14.

          . 1995. “Part I: Down to 1536”. In Norway: A History from the Vikings to Our Own Times. Trans. Michael Drake: 3–119. Oslo: Universitetsforlaget.

          . 2003. “The Norwegian Kingdom: Succession Disputes and Consolidation”. In Helle, ed. 2003: 369–91.

Helle, Knut, ed. 2003. The Cambridge History of Scandinavia, i: Prehistory to 1520. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Hermann Pálsson. 1999. Oral Tradition and Saga Writing. SMS 3. Vienna: Fassbaender.

Hermann, Pernille. 2007. “Íslendingabók and History”. In Reflections on Old Norse Myths, ed. Pernille Hermann, Jens Peter Schjødt, and Rasmus Tranum Kristensen: 17–32. Studies in Viking and Medieval Scandinavia 1. Turnhout: Brepols.

          . 2009. “Concepts of Memory and Approaches to the Past in Medieval Icelandic Literature”. SS 81: 287–308.

Hoff, Karin, et al, eds. 2004. Poetik und Gedächhtnis: Festschrift für Heiko Uecker zum 65. Geburtstag. Beiträge zur Skandinavistik 17. Frankfurt a. M.: Peter Lang.

Hofmann, Dietrich. 1978–9. “Sagaprosa als Partner von Skaldenstrophen”. MS 11: 68–71.

Jackson, Tatjana N. 1984. “On Snorri Sturluson’s Creative Activity: The Problem of Writer Intrusion into the Narrative”. ANF 99: 107–25.

Jakob Benediktsson. 1966–9. “Landnámabók: Some Remarks on Its Value as a Historical Source”. SBVS 17: 275–92.

Jesch, Judith. 1994. “In Praise of Ástríðr Óláfsdóttir”. SBVS 24: 1–18.

          . 1996. “Norse Historical Traditions and the Historia Gruffudd vab Kenan: Magnús Berfœttr and Haraldr hárfagri”. In Gruffudd ap Cynan: A Collaborative Biography, ed. K. L. Maund: 117–47. Woodbridge: Boydell & Brewer.

          . 2004a. ‘Skaldic Verse and the Roots of History”. Quaestio Insularis 5: 1–22.

Johnsen, Arne Odd. 1939. Om Theodoricus og hans “Historia de antiquitate regum Norwagiensium”. Avhandlinger utgit av det Norske Videnskaps-Akademi i Oslo, II. Hist.-Filos. Klasse 3. Oslo: J. Dybwad.

Jón Jóhannesson. 1974. A History of the Old Icelandic Commonwealth. Trans. Haraldur Bessason. UMIS 2. [Winnipeg]: University of Manitoba Press.

Jørgensen, Jon Gunnar. 1995. “Snorre Sturlusøns Fortale paa sin Chrønicke: Om kildene til opplysningen om Heimskringlas forfatter”. Gripla 9: 45–62.

Jørgensen, Jon Gunnar, Karsten Friis-Jensen and Else Mundal, eds. 2010. Saxo og Snorre. Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum Press.

Karlsen, Espen, and Kyrre Vatsend. 1993. “On Theodoricus Monachus’ Use of Late Classical Authors”. CM 16: 239–64.

Knirk, James E. 1993. “Old Norwegian Literature”. In A History of Norwegian Literature, ed. Harald S. Ness: 1–38. HSL 2. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.

Kolbrún Haraldsdóttir. 1998. “Der Historiker Snorri: Autor oder Kompilator?”. In Snorri Sturluson: Beiträge zu Werk und Rezeption, ed. by Hans Fix: 97–108. ERGA 18. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter.

Kopár, Lilla. 1997. “Leben und Taten verstorbener Könige: Entstehung literarischer Zeugnisse über das Leben von Óláfr Tryggvason und König Harold II von England nach ihrem (angeblichen) Tod”. In Arbeiten zur Skandinavistik: 13. Arbeitstagung der deutschsprachigen Skandinavistik, ed. Fritz Paul: 181–8. TUGS 45. Frankfurt a. M.: Peter Lang.

Krag, Claus. 1989. “Norge som odel i Harald Hårfagres ætt”. HT(N) 68: 288–302.

          . 1991. Ynglingatal og Ynglingesaga: en studie i historiske kilder. Studia Humaniora 2. Oslo: Universitetsforlaget.

          . 1998. “Harald Hardrådes ungdomsår og kongesagaene: forholdet mellom sagaprosa, skaldekvad og muntlig tradisjion”. CM 11: 9–31.

          . 2002. “Myten om Hårfagreættens ‘odel’: et svar til Knut Dørum”. HT(N) 81: 381–94.

          . 2003. “The Early Unification of Norway”. In Helle, ed. 2003: 184–201.

Kramarz-Bein, Susanne. 1994. “Zur Darstellung und Bedeutung des Höfischen in der Konungs skuggsjá”. CM 7: 51–86.

Kramarz-Bein, Susanne, ed. 2005. Neue Ansätze in der Mittelalterphilologie—Nye veier i middelalderfilologien. TUGS 55. Frankfurt a. M.: Peter Lang.

Kreutzer, Gert. 1994. “Das Bild Harald Schönhars in der altisländischen Literatur”. In Uecker, ed. 1994: 443–61.

Kuhn, Hans. 1961. “Heldensage vor und außerhalb der Dichtung”. In Zur germanisch-deutschen Heldensage: Sechzehn Aufsätze zum neuen Forschungsstand, ed. Karl Hauck: 173–94. Wege der Forschung 14. Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft.

          . 1976. “Narrative Structures and Historicity in Heimskringla”. Parergon 15: 30–42.

Laity, K. A. 2004. “Translating Saint as (Vi)King: St. Olaf in the Heimskringla”. Viator 35: 169–202.

Lange, Gudrun. 1989. Die Anfänge der isländisch-norwegischen Geschichtsschreibung. Studia Islandica 47. Reykjavik: Bókaútgáfa Menningarsjóðs.

Les relations littéraires Franco-Scandinaves au moyen age. 1975. Bibliothèque de la Faculté de Philosophie et Lettres de l’Université de Liège 208. Paris: Les Belles lettres.

Lindow, John, Lars Lönnroth and Gerd Wolfgang Weber, eds. 1986. Structure and Meaning in Old Norse Literature: New Approaches to Textual Analysis and Literary Criticism. Odense: Odense University Press.

Lönnroth, Lars. 1965. European Sources of Icelandic Saga-Writing: An Essay Based on Previous Studies. Stockholm: Thule.

          . 1967. “The Noble Heathen: A Theme in the Sagas”. SS 41: 1–29.

          . 1975a. “Charlemagne, Hrolf kraki, Olaf Tryggvason: Parallels in the Heroic Tradition”. In Les relations littéraires: 29–46.

          . 1975b. “The Concept of Genre in Saga Literature”. SS 47: 419–26.

          . 1976. “Ideology and Structure in Heimskringla”. Parergon 15: 16–29.

          . 1986. “Dómaldi’s Death and the Myth of Sacral Kingship”. In Lindow, Lönnroth and Weber, eds. 1986: 73–93.

          . 2000. “The Baptist and the Saint: Odd Snorrason’s View of the Two King Olavs”. In Dallapiazza et al, eds. 2000: 257–64.

Louis-Jensen, Jonna. 1997. “Heimskringla—Et værk af Snorri Sturluson?”. Nordica Bergensia 14: 230–45.

Lunden, Kåre. 1995. “Was There a Norwegian National Identity in the Middle Ages?”. SJH 20: 19–33.

McDougall, Ian. 1987–8. “Foreigners and Foreign Languages in Medieval Iceland”. SBVS 22: 180–223.

McKinnell, John, David Ashurst and Donata Kick, eds. 2006. The Fantastic in Old Norse/Icelandic Literature: Sagas and the British Isles: Preprint Papers of the 13th International Saga Conference. 2006. Durham: Centre for Medieval and Renaissance Studies, Durham University (the papers are also available online at: http://www.dur.ac.uk/medieval.www/sagaconf/sagapps.htm).

McTurk, Rory. 1974. “Sacral Kingship in Ancient Scandinavia. A Review of Some Recent Writings”. SBVS 19: 138–69.

          . 1994. “Scandinavian Sacral Kingship Revisited”. SBVS 14: 19–32.

McTurk, Rory, ed. 2005. A Companion to Old Norse-Icelandic Literature and Culture. Blackwell Companions to Literature and Culture 31. Oxford: Blackwell.

McTurk, Rory, and Andrew Wawn, eds. 1989. Úr dölum til dala: Guðbrandur Vigfusson Centenary Essays. Leeds Texts and Monographs, New Series 11. Leeds: University of Leeds.

Magnús Fjalldal. 2005. Anglo-Saxon England in Icelandic Medieval Texts. TONIS 2. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.

Marold, Edith. 1987. “Die norwegische Reichseinigung und die Preislieddichtung”. In Arbeiten zur Skandinavistik: 7. 1987 Arbeitstagung der Skandinavisten des deutschen Sprachgebiets, ed. Ulrich Groenke: 59–93. TUGS 18. Frankfurt a. M.: Peter Lang.

          . 1994. “Der Skalde und sein Publikum”. In Uecker, ed. 1994: 462–76.

          . 2005. “Lebendige Skaldendichtung”. In Kramarz-Bein, ed. 2005: 247–70.

Moberg, Ove. 1940–2. “Olav Haraldssons hemkomst: en historiografisk undersökning”. HT(N) 32: 545–75.

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