PSEUDOGENES 

        What are they, where do they come from and what can we learn from them?

 

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References: 

 

Axel Meyer. (1998) Hox gene variation and evolution, Nature 391: 225-228   

Bailey, A.D. and Shen, C-K.J.(1993) Sequential insertion of Alu family repeats into specific genomic sites of higher primates, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 90: 7205-7208  

Brown MA. Xu CF. Nicolai H. Griffiths B. Chambers JA. Black D. Solomon E. .(1996) The 5' end of the BRCA1 gene lies within a duplicated region of human chromosome 17q21. Oncogene. 12: 2507-2513

Dhellin O. Maestre J. Heidmann T. (1997) Functional differences between the human LINEretrotransposon and retroviral reverse transcriptases for in vivo mRNA reverse transcription. EMBO Journal. 16: 6590-6602

Doll, J.A., Suarez, B.K., Donis-Keller, H.  (1996)  Association between prostate cancer in back Americans and an allele of the PADPRP pseudogene locus on chromosome 3.  Am. J. Hum. Genet.  58: 425-428.

Gibson, L.J. (1994) PSEUDOGENES AND ORIGINS. Origins. 21(2):91-108

Gu, J., Spitz, M.R., Yang, F., and Wu, X.  (1999)  Ethnic differences in poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase pseudogene genotype distribution and association with lung cancer risk.  Carcinogenesis. 20: 1465-1469.

Hu, J.J., Roush, G.C., Berwick, M. Roses, D.F., and Harris, M.N.  (1997)  Poly(ADP-ribose) in human breast cancer: a case-control analysis.  Pharmacogenetics.  7: 309-316.  

Lee Y. (1998) Complete genomic sequence and analysis of the prion protein gene region from three mammalian species. Genome Research 8: 1025, 1033

Lyn, D. Cherney, B.W., Lalande, M., Berenson, J.R., Lichtenstein, A., Lupold, S., Bhatia, K.G., Smulson, M.  (1993)  A duplicated region is responsible for the Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase polymorphism, on chromosome 13, associated with a predisposition to cancer.  Am. J. Hum. Genet.  52: 124-134.  

Lyn, D., Deaven, L.L., Isotock, N.L., and Smulson, M. (1993) The Polymorphic ADP-Ribosyltransferase(NAD+) Pseudogene 1 in Humans Interrupts an Endogenous poly-like Element on 13q34. Genomics. 18:206-211

Max, Edward E. Plagiarized Errors and Molecular Genetics (1986) 
Creation/Evolution XIX: 34

Mighell, A.J., Smith, N.R., Robinson, P.A., and Markham, A.F. (2000)  Vertebrate pseudogenes.  FEBS Lett.  25: 109-14.  

Miyamota, M. Perfect SINEs of evolutionary history? (1999) Current Biology 1999(9): R816

Moyzis, R.K. (1989) The distribution of interspersed repetitive DNA sequences in the human genome.  Genomics 4: 276-281

Nishikimi, M., Fukuyama, R., Minoshima, S., Shimizu, N., and Yagi, K.(1994) Cloning and chromosomal mapping of the human nonfunctional gene for L- gulono-gamma-lactone oxidase, the enzyme for L-ascorbic acid biosynthesis missing in man.  J. Biol. Chem. 269: 13685-13688, 


Nishikimi, M., Kawai, T., and Yagi , K.(1992)  Guinea pigs possess a highly mutated gene for L-gulono-gamma-lactone oxidase, the key enzyme for L-ascorbic acid biosynthesis missing in this species. J. Biol. Chem. 267: 21967-21972  


Smit, A.F. (1996) A structure and evolution of mammalian interspersed repeats, Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Southern California, pp. 130-135 

Smulson, M.E. (1994)  Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase gene on chromosome 1q: early role in differentiation linked replication; gene on human chromosome 13q: marker of carcinogenesis.  Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry.  138: 77-84.  

Ueda, s. (1985) A truncated immunoglobulin Epsilon-pseudogene is found in gorilla and man but not in chimpanzee. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 82: 3712-3713  

Vanin EF. (1985) Processed Pseudogenes: Characteristics and Evolution Annu. Rev. Genet. 19: 253-272

Woodmorappe, John. (2000) Are pseudogenes ‘shared mistakes’ between primate genomes? CEN Tech. J. 14(3): 55-71 

Wu, X., Hsu, T.C., Cao, S., Lee, J.J., Amos, C.I., and Spitz, M.R.  (1998)  Deletion in poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase pseudogene and lung cancer risk.  19: 93-98.

 

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