Naomi Nagy

Linguistics at U of T

TBB 199.15W: Exploring Heritage Languages

Assignment 4

For this assigment, you have a choice between two tasks. The first one listed (HLF = Heritage Language Fluency) is for students who are fluent in a heritage language and will use those abilities in the assignment. The second one listed is for students who choose not to work in a Heritage Language (E=English).

You are very strongly encouraged to work in groups of two or three for this assignment. All group members will receive the same grade. It is up to you to decide how to divide the work. That's a very important skill.

For whichever assignment you choose, you will:

  • Generate several hypotheses - we will work on this in class as a group
  • design a study to test your hypotheses
  • conduct that study
  • look over some published research papers in sociolinguistics (for example, those assigned in Week 7) to provide you with some structure for organizing your paper
  • write a paper draft in which you
    • explain your hypotheses
    • carefully describe your methods
    • describe your results
    • explain how your results support or contradict your hypotheses
    • cite all published references in a bibliography at the end of the report.
  • submit your paper draft via Bb (Each group will submit one paper.)
  • Later, you will incorporate material from this assignment and the next one into Assignment 6, the formal report. Each student will write their own formal report for HW 6, based on the group drafts.

Assignment 4 HLF: Analysis of changing complexity in a HL

Your task is to design and conduct a research project that tells us about possible differences in complexity of the language used by different generations of speakers. You will compare six speakers: two first generation, two second generation, and two third generation. They should otherwise be as matched as possible (in terms of age and sex, at least).

Design a measure of complexity that you think might distinguish HL speakers of different generations. Some ideas for this are:

  • number of words spoken per minute
  • ratio of speaking to pausing (see Polinsky 1995)
  • vocabulary size
You will want to select a measure that is both interesting and reasonably easy to implement in ELAN. This may require some exploring of ELAN's features, or learning to export transcripts from ELAN to use in another program that you are familiar with.

For this assignment, you will use transcribed data from a sociolinguistic interview that forms part of HerLD, the Heritage Language Database of HLVC. To access these files, you must read, sign and submit the corpus use form in the Corpora in the Classroom website (https://corpora.chass.utoronto.ca).

Depending on the measure you choose, you may analyze the full interview for each speaker, or select a subsection of the interview. You might also come up with a measure for which it is possible and interesting to examine more than six speakers. We'll talk...

Assignment 4 E : Neighborhood profile

In this assignment, you will investigate the use and maintenance of languages other than English in a neighbourhood in the greater Toronto area (GTA).

Pick a neighborhood in the GTA that you think has good representation of your selected HL. Delimit your neighbourhood according to major streets, making sure to include a mixture of residential and commercial areas.

Focus on the languages used for everyday activities in that neighbourhood by communities of (native or bilingual) speakers, rather than languages studied for academic purposes. For example, don’t just look at whether Italian is taught in the local high school, but also whether there are Italian speakers living in the area, or clubs or businesses where Italian is regularly spoken.

Gather as much information on language use in the neighbourhood as you can by making use of the following sources (among others):

  • your own personal knowledge and observations (you should make at least one field trip to the neighbourhood)
  • community organizations (e.g. community centres, places of worship, neighbourhood associations, clubs)
  • local newspapers and other publications, other media such as radio and TV
  • social services agencies
  • municipal, provincial or federal government offices
  • Canada census data and publications
  • the local school district

Write up the findings of your investigation in a report that addresses the following questions, organized in terms of your hypotheses:

  • What are all the languages in use in the neighbourhood? What evidence do you have for the use of each, and how extensively is each used?
  • What is the situation in the schools in the neighbourhood regarding non-official languages? Are there many children who are not native speakers of English and French? What do they speak? Do they receive ESL or bilingual educational instruction?
  • What government services are available in non-official languages, and what provisions are made by government agencies for people who do not speak English or French?
  • What medical services are available to speakers of non-official languages? Do hospitals and clinics have interpreters? Are there any doctors practising in your neighbourhood who speak languages other than English?
  • Are any organizations of particular linguistic/ethnic groups active in the area?
  • Are there any places of worship in the neighbourhood that hold services in other languages?
  • Are there any stores or restaurants that are owned or operated by speakers of non-official languages? What is the nationality and native language of these individuals?
  • Are any publications in other languages available (e.g. bookstores, newsstands, convenience stores)?

Use these questions to organize your report (but don’t simply answer them in the above order).

Be sure to describe your methods, including the scope of your investigation and what you did to obtain information.

As part of your report, indicate where your neighborhood is located on a printed Google map (Street View) of Toronto. (You can do this by picking addresses/locations at the corners of your neighborhood and asking Google to Get Directions from each point to the next. You might know some more clever way. If so, let me know.)

Your hypotheses might relate to these questions:

  • Is your community linguistically diverse?
  • Does the community seem to be successfully accommodating the needs of speakers of non-official languages who live there?
  • Are non-official languages being maintained?
  • Are speakers shifting to English?

Last updated January 21, 2015

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